Articles

CD 123 is a membrane biomarker and a therapeutic target in hematologic malignancies

Recent studies indicate that abnormalities of the alpha-chain of the interleukin-3 receptor (IL-3RA or CD123) are frequently observed in some leukemic disorders and may contribute to the proliferative advantag...

Authors: Ugo Testa, Elvira Pelosi and Arthur Frankel

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): an increasingly demanded tool for biomarker research and personalized medicine

Extensive studies of the genetic aberrations related to human diseases conducted over the last two decades have identified recurrent genomic abnormalities as potential driving factors underlying a variety of c...

Authors: Linping Hu, Kun Ru, Li Zhang, Yuting Huang, Xiaofan Zhu, Hanzhi Liu, Anders Zetterberg, Tao Cheng and Weimin Miao

A new method for maturity-dependent fractionation of neutrophil progenitors applicable for the study of myelodysplastic syndromes

We applied our new method, maturity-dependent fractionation of bone marrow-derived neutrophil progenitors, to a study of gene expression profiles during granulopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes. CD34⁺ cells wi...

Authors: Huiyuan Hu, Yayoi Shikama, Tsutomu Shichishima, Kazuhiko Ikeda, Kazuko Akutsu, Tomoyuki Ono, Hideo Kimura, Kazuei Ogawa, Hideyoshi Noji, Yasuchika Takeishi and Junko Kimura

Monocyte and macrophage differentiation: circulation inflammatory monocyte as biomarker for inflammatory diseases

Monocytes express various receptors, which monitor and sense environmental changes. Monocytes are highly plastic and heterogeneous, and change their functional phenotype in response to environmental stimulatio...

Authors: Jiyeon Yang, Lixiao Zhang, Caijia Yu, Xiao-Feng Yang and Hong Wang

Statins inhibit proliferation and cytotoxicity of a human leukemic natural killer cell line

Natural killer cells comprise the body’s first line of defense against virus-infected cells. As is true of all lymphocytes, natural killer cell malignancies can develop, however natural killer cell leukemias c...

Authors: Jon Crosbie, Marc Magnussen, Ryan Dornbier, Alexandra Iannone and Timothy A Steele

The progress of targeted therapy in advanced gastric cancer

Although palliative chemotherapy has been shown to prolong survival and improve quality of life, the survival of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients remains poor. With the advent of targeted therapy, many m...

Authors: Miao-zhen Qiu and Rui-hua Xu

A case of pediatric B-Lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with a t(9;12)(p24;q11.2) involving JAK2 and concomitant MLL rearrangement with apparent insertion at 6q27

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common malignancy in pediatric patients and the leading cause of cancer-related death in children and young adults. Translocations of 9p24 involving JAK2 (9...

Authors: Carlos A Tirado, David Shabsovich, Matthew DeNicola, Dinesh Rao, Lynn Yang, Rolando Garcia and Nagesh Rao

Clinical development of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is extensively explored in cancers. It functions as an important regulator of cell growth, survival and metabolis...

Authors: Xiaosheng Fang, Xiangxiang Zhou and Xin Wang

Predictive value of tumor recurrence using urinary vascular endothelial factor levels in patients receiving radiation therapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Standard of care includes maximal resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. Tumors need adequate perfusion...

Authors: Andra V Krauze, Minhee Won, Christian Graves, Ben W Corn, Thierry M Muanza, Steven P Howard, Arul Mahadevan, Christopher J Schultz, Michael L Haas, Minesh P Mehta and Kevin A Camphausen

Whole gene expression profile in blood reveals multiple pathways deregulation in R6/2 mouse model

Huntington Disease (HD) is a progressive neurological disorder, with pathological manifestations in brain areas and in periphery caused by the ubiquitous expression of mutant Huntingtin protein. Transcriptiona...

Authors: Daniela Diamanti, Elisa Mori, Danny Incarnato, Federico Malusa, Costanza Fondelli, Letizia Magnoni and Giuseppe Pollio

Proprotein convertases in high-density lipoprotein metabolism

The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexins (PCSKs) are a serine endopeptidase family. PCSK members cleave amino acid residues and modulate the activity of precursor proteins. Evidence from patients and animal...

Authors: Seungbum Choi and Ron Korstanje

The effect of quitting smoking on HDL-cholesterol - a review based on within-subject changes

A higher concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in ex-smokers than smokers has consistently been observed. Better evidence of quitting effects comes from within-subject changes. We exten...

Authors: Barbara A Forey, John S Fry, Peter N Lee, Alison J Thornton and Katharine J Coombs

Beyond malignancy: the role of carbohydrate antigen 125 in heart failure

Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125), traditionally a tumor marker for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring in ovarian malignancy, had recently been shown increasing evidence and more extensively recognized/explo...

Authors: Chung-Lieh Hung, Ta-Chuan Hung, Yau-Hui Lai, Chi-Sheng Lu, Yih-Jer Wu and Hung-I Yeh

Genetic methylation and lymphoid malignancies: biomarkers of tumor progression and targeted therapy

Lymphoid malignancies, mainly including lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma, are a group of heterogeneous diseases. Although the clinical outcome of patients has been significantly improved with current immuno-c...

Authors: Xia Zhao, Wei Zhang, Li Wang and Wei-Li Zhao

The emerging roles of Notch signaling in leukemia and stem cells

The Notch signaling pathway plays a critical role in maintaining the balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates normal develop...

Authors: Na Liu, Jingru Zhang and Chunyan Ji

CETN1 is a cancer testis antigen with expression in prostate and pancreatic cancers

The Cancer Testis Antigens (CTAs) are a group of genes that are highly expressed in the normal testis and several types of cancer. Due to their restricted expression in normal adult tissues, CTAs have been att...

Authors: John J Kim, Krithika Rajagopalan, Basil Hussain, Brenten H Williams, Prakash Kulkarni and Steven M Mooney

Molecular signatures of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells

BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in controlling Philadelphia-positive (Ph⁺) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are unlikely to cure the disease because TKIs are unable to eradicate leukemia st...

Authors: Yaoyu Chen and Shaoguang Li

Polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor-4 and CD14 in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its co-receptor CD14 play a major role in innate immunity by recognizing PAMPs and signal the activation of adaptive responses. These receptors can recognize endogenous ligands ...

Authors: Tarak Dhaouadi, Imen Sfar, Youssra Haouami, Leila Abdelmoula, Sami Turki, Lamia Ben Hassine, Rafik Zouari, Adel Khedher, Narjess Khalfallah, Taieb Ben Abdallah and Yousr Gorgi

Enhanced expression of a 35 kDa fragment of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor H4 in sera of healthy pregnant women and patients with hydatidiform mole

Accumulated data from previous studies appear to suggest a link between the overexpression of a 35 kDa fragment of serum inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor H4 (ITIH4) with cancers that are associated with up-regula...

Authors: Emida Mohamed, Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan, Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman, Siti Zawiah Omar and Onn Haji Hashim

Expression of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1 and adiponectin in nipple aspirate fluid and plasma of pre and post-menopausal women

Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) contains large amounts of protein thought to reflect the microenvironment of the breast, and is of interest in breast cancer prevention research. The correlation between specific NA...

Authors: Jessica A Miller, Patricia A Thompson, Iman A Hakim, Ana Maria Lopez, Cynthia A Thomson, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu and H-H Sherry Chow

Metabolomic analyses for atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity

Insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and atherosclerosis is a global health problem. A portfolio of abnormalities of metabolic and vascular homeostasis accompanies T2DM ...

Authors: Fuyong Du, Anthony Virtue, Hong Wang and Xiao-Feng Yang

Integrin α1 subunit is up-regulated in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of death from cancer in industrialized countries. Integrins are a family of heterodimeric glycoproteins involved in bidirectional cell signaling and particip...

Authors: Salah Boudjadi, Julie C Carrier and Jean-François Beaulieu

Selenium-binding protein 1 as a tumor suppressor and a prognostic indicator of clinical outcome

Selenium is a trace element that plays a critical role in physiological processes and cancer prevention, whose functions may be through its effects on selenium-containing proteins. Selenium-binding protein 1 (...

Authors: Wancai Yang and Alan M Diamond

Prognostic value and functional consequences of cell cycle inhibitor p27^Kip1 loss in medulloblastoma

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27^Kip1 functions during normal cerebellar development and has demonstrated tumor suppressor functions in mouse models of medulloblastoma. Because P27 loss is associated with...

Authors: Beryl A Hatton, David W Ellison, Amar Gajjar, Marcel Kool, Matthew Fero and James M Olson

The resistance mechanisms of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib

The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, a boronic dipeptide which reversibly inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity at the β5-subunit of proteasome (PSMB5), has marked efficacy against multiple myeloma and sever...

Authors: Shuqing Lü and Jianmin Wang

Prognostic significance of miR-194 in endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the leading malignant tumor occurring in the female genital tract and some subtypes are highly invasive and metastatic. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that have a broad impact on c...

Authors: Haiyan Zhai, Mihriban Karaayvaz, Peixin Dong, Noriaki Sakuragi and Jingfang Ju

Nuclear protein IK undergoes dynamic subcellular translocation and forms unique nuclear bodies during the cell cycle

IK is a nuclear protein containing a unique domain named RED due to the presence of a repetitive arginine (R), aspartic (E), and glutamic acid (D) sequence. To date, the function of this protein remains largel...

Authors: Liyan Hu, Feikun Yang, Xianan Liu, Dazhong Xu and Wei Dai

Biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: progression in early diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Currently, surgical resection, liver transplantation, and local ablation are considered curative therapeutic practices fo...

Authors: Kai Zhu, Zhi Dai and Jian Zhou

New urinary biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease

Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in developed and developing countries. Microalbuminuria is the gold standard for detection and prediction of diabetic kidney disease and ...

Authors: Cheng Wang, CuiCui Li, WenYu Gong and Tanqi Lou

Plasma cell disorders in HIV-infected patients: epidemiology and molecular mechanisms

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the outcome and survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Subsequently, long-term morbidities including cancer ha...

Authors: Woodrow J Coker, Ashley Jeter, Henning Schade and Yubin Kang

Noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of abnormal liver enzymes in both adults and children. NAFLD has a histologic spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepa...

Authors: Steven G Pearce, Nirav C Thosani and Jen-Jung Pan

Imaging heterogeneity in the mitochondrial redox state of premalignant pancreas in the pancreas-specific PTEN-null transgenic mouse model

Metabolic alteration is one of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis. We aimed to identify certain metabolic biomarkers for the early detection of pancreatic cancer (PC) using the transgenic PTEN-null mouse model. P...

Authors: He N Xu, Shoko Nioka and Lin Z Li

Dysregulation of JAK-STAT pathway in hematological malignancies and JAK inhibitors for clinical application

JAK-STAT (Janus associated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway plays a critical role in transduction of extracellular signals from cytokines and growth factors involved in hematopo...

Authors: Muhammad Furqan, Nikhil Mukhi, Byung Lee and Delong Liu

Lung cancer screening: from imaging to biomarker

Despite several decades of intensive effort to improve the imaging techniques for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, primary lung cancer is still the number one cause of cancer death in the United States and...

Authors: Dong Xiang, Bicheng Zhang, Donald Doll, Kui Shen, Goetz Kloecker and Carl Freter

Sensitive detection of BRAF V600E mutation by Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS)-PCR

BRAF mutations occur in approximately 8% of all human cancers and approach 50% in melanoma and papillary carcinoma of thyroid. These mutations provide potentially valuable diagnostic, prognostic and treatment re...

Authors: Tiangui Huang, Jian Zhuge and Wenyong W Zhang

EGFR inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer: current evidence and future directions

EGFR inhibition has emerged to be an important strategy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and mono-clonal antibodies (mAbs) to the EGFR ha...

Authors: Alexander Chi, Scot Remick and William Tse

Novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, targeted therapy and clinical trials

Authors: Chung-Tsen Hsueh, Delong Liu and Hong Wang