Table 6 Progression-free survival outcomes in the main advanced-phase clinical trials for RRMM patients according to number of prior lines of therapy

Vd

Vd – CASTOR [54, 72]

7.9

(n = 113)

6.3

(n =106)

5.4

(n = 28)

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-No refractoriness to PI

-No prior anti-CD38

Vd - PANORAMA-1 [18, 85]

8.5

(n = 174)

7.6

(n =207)

-

-No refractoriness to PI

-No prior HDAC inhibitor

Vd – OPTIMISMM [31]

11.63

(n = 115)

7.10*

(n = 163)

-

-No refractoriness to V at 1.3 mg/m2 BIW

-Prior R, no prior P

Vd – ENDEAVOR [161, 162]

10.1

(n = 232)

8.4

(n = 233)

-

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-Prior PI allowed if ≥PR and ≥6 m since last dose

Rd

Rd – ASPIRE [58]

17.6

(n = 157)

16.7

(n = 239)

-

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-No refractoriness to V, no prior K

-No prior PD during 3 first m of Rd or any PD if Rd was the last therapy

Rd – POLLUX [73, 74]

19.6

(n = 146)

15.7

(n = 118)

17.1

(n = 19)

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-No prior anti-CD38

-No refractoriness to R

Rd - TOURMALINE-1 [66]

16.6

(n = 213)

12.9

(n = 149)

-

-No refractoriness to R or PI (refractoriness to thali is allowed)

Rd - ELOQUENT-2 [55] ^a

12.1

(n = 97)

13.1

(n = 65)

-

-Prior R is allowed if no refractoriness, ≥PR, no more than 9 prior cycles and at least 9 m before progression

Rd – ELOQUENT-2 [55] ^b

19.4

(n = 62)

14.9

(n = 101)

-

-Prior R is allowed if no refractoriness, ≥PR, no more than 9 prior cycles and at least 9 m before progression

Pd

Pd – MM-010 [13]

-

3.9

(n = NR)

4.6

(n = NR)

-≥2 prior lines including V and R

-At least 4 cycles of alkylator or PD after at least 2 cycles or ASCT

-PD within 6 m of discontinuation after PR with V and R

-No prior P

Pd – ICARIA-MM [10, 163]

-

7.8

(n = 101)

4.3

(n = 52)

-At least prior ≥MR

-At least 2 prior lines including 2 cycles of a PI and R and PD within 6 m of discontinuation after PR

-No prior P, no refractoriness to anti-CD38

Pd – APOLLO EMN14 [53]

12.6

(n = 18)

6.5

(n = 113)

6.6

(n = 22)

-At least 1 prior line including lena and a PI

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-No prior P, no prior anti-CD38

Pd – ELOQUENT-3 [78]

-

4.8

(n = 36)

4.3

(n = 21)

-At least 2 prior lines including 2 cycles of a PI and R and PD within 6 m of discontinuation after PR

-Refractory to PI and R

-No prior P

Kd

Kd – ENDEAVOR [161, 162]

22.2

(n = 232)

14.9

(n = 232)

-

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-Prior PI allowed if ≥PR and ≥6 m since last dose

Kd – CANDOR [51, 164]

21.3

(n = 67)

12.5

(n =87)

-

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-Prior K and/or anti-CD38 allowed if ≥PR, no refractoriness and >6 m since last dose

Kd – IKEMA [50]

NA

(n = 55)

16.2

(n = 68)

-

-No prior K

-No refractoriness to prior anti-CD38

Vd based

DVd – CASTOR [54, 72]

27

(n = 122)

9.8

(n = 107)

8.1

(n = 22)

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-No refractoriness to PI

-No prior anti-CD38

PanoVd – PANORAMA-1 [18, 85]

12.3

(n = 178)

12

(n = 209)

-

-No refractoriness to PI

-No prior HDAC inhibitor

PVd – OPTIMISMM [31]

20.73

(n = 111)

11.2*

(n = 170)

-

-No refractoriness to V at 1.3 mg/m2 BIW

-Prior lena, no prior poma

VeneVd – BELLINI [83]

22.4

(n = 135)

NA

(n = 156)

-

-No refractoriness or intolerance to prior PI

-At least PR to any prior PI

-At least 60-days PI-treatment-free interval

XVd – BOSTON [80]

16.6

(n = 99)

11.8

(n = 96)

-No refractoriness or intolerance to prior PI

-At least PR to any prior PI

-At least a 6-month PI-treatment-free interval

Rd based

KRd – ASPIRE [58]

29.6

(n =1 84)

25.8

(n = 212)

-

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-No refractoriness to V, no prior K

-No prior PD during 3 first m of Rd or any PD if Rd was the last therapy

DRd – POLLUX [73, 74]

53.3

(n = 149)

28.9

(n = 123)

38.8

(n = 14)

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-No prior anti-CD38

-No refractoriness to R

IRd - TOURMALINE-1 [66]

20.6

(n = 212)

NA

(FU 14.8 m)

(n = 148)

-

-No refractoriness to R or PI (refractoriness to thali is allowed)

EloRd - ELOQUENT-2 [55] ^a

15.8

(n = 103)

13.1

(n = 58)

-

-Prior R is allowed if no refractoriness, ≥PR, no more than 9 prior cycles and at least 9 m before progression

EloRd - ELOQUENT-2 [55] ^b

30.6

(n = 48)

25

(n = 112)

-

-Prior R is allowed if no refractoriness, ≥PR, no more than 9 prior cycles and at least 9 m before progression

Pd based

IsaPd - ICARIA-MM [10, 163]

-

12.3

(n = 102)

9.4

(n = 52)

-At least prior ≥MR

-At least 2 prior lines including 2 cycles of a PI and R and PD within 6 m of discontinuation after PR

-No prior P, no refractoriness to anti-CD38

DPd – MM-014 [156]

1y-PFS 78.8%

(FU 17.2 m)

(n = 70)

1y-PFS 69.0%

(FU 17.2 m)

(n = 42) ^c

-

-1-2 prior lines with at least 2 cycles of R

-No prior P, no prior D

DPd – APOLLO [53]

14.1

(n =16)

10.7

(n =114)

19.3

(n =21)

- No prior P, no prior anti-CD38

EloPd - ELOQUENT-3 [78]

-

10.3

(n = 36)

10.3

(n = 24)

-At least 2 prior lines including 2 cycles of a PI and R and PD within 6 m of discontinuation after PR

-Refractory to PI and R

-No prior P

Kd based

DKd – CANDOR [51, 164]

NA

(FU 17.2 m)

(n = 133)

24.2

(n = 179)

-

-PR to ≥1 prior line

-Prior K and/or anti-CD38 allowed if ≥PR, no refractoriness and >6 m since last dose

IsaKd – IKEMA [50]

NA

(FU 20.7 m)

(n = 80)

NA

(FU 20.7 m)

(n = 99)

-

-No prior K

-No refractoriness to prior anti-CD38