Table 2 Selected clinical studies of MRD in multiple myeloma
From: Minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma: current status
Study | MRD technique (sensitivity) | MRD+ rate | Survival outcomes (MRD-negative vs MRD-positive) |
|---|---|---|---|
Paiva et al. 20087 [20] PMID:18669875 | 4-color MFC (10− 4) | 58% (n = 295) | median PFS: 71 mo vs 37 mo (HR = 0.28, 95%CI 0.17–0.43, P < 0.001) median OS: NR vs 89 mo (HR = 0.50, 95%CI 0.38–0.64, P = 0.002) |
Rawstron et al. 2013 [50] PMID:23733781 | 6-color MFC (10− 4) | 38% (n = 397) | median PFS: 28.6 mo vs 15.5 mo (HR = 0.55, 95%CI 0.43–0.71, P < 0.001) median OS: 80.6 mo vs 59.0 mo (HR = 0.64, 95%CI 0.45–0.91, P = 0.018) |
Chakraborty et al.2017 [55] PMID:28115277 | 6- color or 7-color MFC (2 × 10− 5–10− 4) | 44% (n = 185) | median PFS: 26 mo vs 17 mo (HR = 0.45, 95%CI 0.31–0.66, P < 0.001) median OS: NR vs 50 mo (HR = 0.55, 95%CI 0.32–0.92, P = 0.023) |
Deng et al.2018 [59] PMID:29779345 | MFC (10− 4) | 55% (n = 106) | median PFS: NR vs 17 mo (HR = 0.23, 95%CI 0.09–0.58, P < 0.001) |
Gu et al.2018 [60] PMID:30142420 | MFC (5 × 10− 5 -10− 5) | 64% (n = 104) | median TTP:NR vs 26.4 ± 11.5 mo (HR = 0.18, 95%CI 0.08–0.43, P < 0.001) median OS:NR vs 40.7 ± 13.7 mo (HR = 0.08, 95%CI 0.02–0.27, P < 0.001) |
Perrot et al.2018 [70] PMID:30249784 | NGS (10−6) | 62% (n = 239) | median PFS: NR vs 20 mo (HR = 0.18, 95%CI 0.12–0.28, P < 0.001) 3-year OS: 96% vs 86% (HR = 0.26, 95%CI 0.10–0.68, p = 0.008) |
Li et al.2019 [61] PMID:30721336 | MFC (10− 4) | 75% (n = 123) | median PFS: NR vs 26 mo (HR = 0.29, 95%CI 0.12–0.69, P < 0.001) 4-year OS:91.7% vs 66.3% (HR = 0.13, 95%CI 0.02–0.96, P = 0.008) |
Tschcautsher et al.2019 [62] PMID:30945330 | 7-color MFC (2 × 10−5) | 30% (n = 460) | median TTNT: 37.6 mo vs 23 mo (HR = 0.51, 95%CI 0.40–0.66, P < 0.001) |
Alonso et al.2020 [63] PMID:32433744 | 4-color MFC or NGS (> 10− 4) | 48% (n = 139) | median PFS: 83 mo vs 48 mo (HR = 0.49, 95%CI 0.27–0.86, P = 0.011) |
Medina et al.2020 [64] PMID: 33127891 | NGF (2 × 10− 6) | 45% (n = 106) | 3-year PFS: 91.4% vs 50% (HR = 0.20, 95%CI 0.09–0.44, P < 0.001) 3-year OS: 96.6% vs 74.9% (HR = 0.18, 95%CI 0.05–0.62, P = 0.007) |
Paiva et al.2020 [65] PMID: 31770060 | NGF (2 × 10−6) | 43% (n = 357) | 36-month PFS: 87% vs 50% (HR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.12–0.36, P < 0.001) 36-month OS: 96% vs 88% (HR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.67, P = 0.005) |