Blood biomarkers for mild traumatic brain injury: a selective review of unresolved issues

Biomarker Research

Table 2 Kinetic parameters of commonly investigated biomarkers for mTBI

Biomarker	Normal Plasma	Normal CSF	Half-life	T_max	k_a‡	k_e‡	References
	level (pg/ml)	level (pg/ml)	hrs∗	hrs∗
GFAP	60-70	2100	36	24	0.080	0.019	[9, 11, 12, 17, 65]
NF-L	6-20	400-1100	500 ??	100-300 ??	0.009	0.001	[8, 12, 67, 68]
S100B	50-60	1800	1.5†	2	0.500	0.462	[9, 11, 27, 28, 65, 69, 70]
tau	1-5	270	10	8	0.070	0.069	[8, 11, 71, 72]
UCH-L1	8-10	4500	8	8	0.090	0.086	[9, 11, 17, 22, 65, 73]

^∗Values for half-life and T_max are mid-range of reported estimates
^†S100B undergoes rapid redistribution to other compartments before renal elimination
^??Estimates are uncertain
^‡Estimates for the absorption constant (k_a) and elimination constant (k_e) compartment pharmacokinetic model with first order kinetics from [74].

ISSN: 2050-7771