Table 5 Clinical and preclinical studies on the study of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)

MiR-130a

Up

50

-

Serum

-

-

-

Associated with severe perihematomal edema and predict adverse outcome

[41]

MiR-27a-3p

Down

26

6

Serum

-

-

-

Predictive of ICH and prognosis of neurological deficits (NIHSS scores)

[43]

MiR-126

Down

38

48

Serum

-

-

-

Predictive of ICH and prognosis of neurological deficits (NIHSS scores)

[44]

MiR‐21‐5p

Up

48

-

Serum

-

-

-

Correlates with the neurological deficit severity (NIHSS scores) and clinical outcomes (mRS scores at 90 days) of elderly patients

[45]

MiR‑29a

Down

-

240

CSF

-

-

-

Post-ICH prognosis

[49]

MiR-124-3p

Down

48

-

Serum

-

-

-

Correlates with the clinical outcomes (mRS scores at 90 days) of elderly patients

[58]

MiR-23a-3p and miR-130a

Up

30

-

Serum

-

-

-

miR-23a-3p is positively correlated with PHE volume

[59]

MiR-26a and miR-146a

Down

MiR-126, miR-146a, miR-let-7a, and miR-26a

Down

33

-

Serum

-

-

-

miR-126 expression levels positively correlate with PHE, indicating its potential usefulness as a biomarker for PHE management

[147]

MiR-145

Up

106

-

Plasma

0.766

-

-

miR-181b and miR-145 had considerable accuracy in discriminating the plasma of patients with ICH from that of the control group

[148]

MiR-223

Up

0.78

MiR-155

Up

MiR-181b

Down

MiR-27a, miR-365, miR-150, and miR-34c-3p

Up

11

-

Plasma

-

-

-

Bioinformatics analysis of the present data suggested that these circulating miRNAs species were specifically enriched in biological processes of inflammatory disease and inflammation response.

[149]

MiR‐1249, miR‐574‐5p, miR‐1290, miR‐522, miR‐130a, miR‐1202, let‐7f‐2, miR‐586, miR‐122, and miR‐29c

Up

79

-

Plasma

1.0

100

90.0

The results indicate that these miRNAs can be used as biomarkers in the prediction of hematoma growth

[150]

MiR-124

Up

20

18

Plasma

-

-

-

miR-124 is brain tissue specific miRNA. ​Plasma miR-124 pattern and concentrations in the detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of human ICH patients

[151]

MiR-124-3p, miR-137-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-219a-2-3p, miR-135a-5p, miR-541-5p, and miR-770-3p

Up

-

3

Serum

-

-

-

The panel of miRNAs may have roles in the pathophysiology of ICH in the elderly. Among those, miR-124-3p, miR-138-5p, and miR-137-3p may have the greatest potential, as they are human-brain-specific miRNAs and are also implicated in neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation

[152]

MiR-1183 and let-7d-3p

Up

23

-

Whole blood

-

-

-

The panel of miRNAs may identify as predictive biomarkers

[153]

MiR-4707, let-7i, miR-146a-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-210-5p and miR-221

Down

MiR-4325 and miR-4317

Down

6

-

Whole blood

-

-

-

The panel of miRNAs was identified as a potential predictor of post-ICH late seizure.

[154]

MiR-181a-5p and miR-1180-3p

Up

MiR-211-3p

Up

17

-

Serum

-

-

-

Suggested that miR-211-3p is an immune-related biomarker and may prognosis in the secondary injury following ICH

[155]

20 miRNAs

Up and down

19

-

Plasma

0.824

-

81.0

miRNAs have predictive value, and could be capable of distinguishing between major stroke (ICH, SAH and IS) subtypes with refinement and validation

[156]

MiR-150-5p and miR-v-5p

Up

-

55

Plasma

-

-

-

The expression levels of miRNAs in blood have been found to be reproducible and indicative of the disease state.

[157]

MiR-223, miR-155, miR-181b, and miR-126

Up

47

-

CSF

-

-

-

As predictive biomarkers of possible ICH complications such as IVH. In additional, effectively monitor inflammatory conditions as potential biomarkers in preterm IVH

[158]

MiR-21-5p

Down

31

-

Serum

-

-

-

Important role to play in the prognosis of patients with ICH. Downregulation of miR-21 expression in the peripheral blood may correlate with pathological changes (neuron apoptosis, inflammation, and the occurrence of cerebral edema)

[159]

MiR-124-3p

Up

93

-

Plasma

0.70

68.4

71.2

Plasma miR-124-3p levels were markedly higher in patients with ICH patients compared to IS patients. MiR-124-3p is useful in monitoring disease progression in ICH, such as haematoma expansion

[160]