Fig. 1

BKV encoded miRNAs promote tumor invasion in a dual role on TC and EC. a Migration and invasion assays of BKV-infected HTB-9 cells (BKV) after reducing BKV-miR-3p and BKV-miR-5p. b RT-qPCR and WB analysis shows the mRNA and protein levels of CLDN1 increases after transfecting with anta5. c Dual Luciferase assay shows BKV-miR-5p directly binds to 3’UTR region of CLDN1. d Migration and invasion assays of HTB-9 cells after downregulating CLDN1. e CLDN1 is increased in ECs cocultured with BKV-HTB-9. f-g ICAM1 and VCAM1 are increased in ECs cocultured with BKV-HTB-9. h CLDN1 expression is reversed in ECs after BKV-HTB-9 pretreated with GW4869. i-j ICAM1 and VCAM1 are reversed in ECs after BKV-HTB-9 pretreated with GW4869. k Experimental scheme of transendothelial invasion assay. l HTB-9-GFP transendothelial invasion in ECs cocultured with BKV-HTB-9. m HTB-9-GFP transendothelial invasion in ECs after BKV-HTB-9 pretreated with GW4869