Fig. 3

TAMs-derived exosomes can regulate tumorigenesis. A TAMs-derived exosomal ncRNAs (e.g., miR-223, miR-95, miR-221-3p, miR-21, and lncMMPA) affect tumor proliferation. B TAMs-derived exosomal ncRNAs (e.g., miR-501-5p, miR-222, and lncRNA LIFR-AS1) and proteins (ApoE) affect tumor metastasis. C TAMs-derived exosomal ncRNAs (e.g., miR-155-5p, miR-193a-5p, and miR-221-5p) and proteins (αVβ3) affect tumor angiogenesis. D TAMs-derived exosomes modulate the immune response to glioma by suppressing PEG3, which further induces apoptosis and impairs T-cell proliferation. E TAMs-derived exosomal ncRNAs (e.g., miR-3679-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-21, and lncRNA CRNDE) affect tumor drug resistance. F TAMs-derived exosomal lncRNA HISLA regulates breast cancer metabolism by activating HIF-1α, further promoting cellular glycolysis