Fig. 2

Extracellular vesicle biogenesis and secretion in donor cells and communication with recipient cells. Exosomes participate in intercellular communication by transferring different molecules, including exosomal mRNA, circRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, lipids, and proteins. Exosomes act on neighboring or distant target cell receptors through multiple pathways, including direct fusion, receptor-ligand interaction, and endocytosis