Table 1 Baseline characteristics of HCC patients
Variable | Cohort, No. (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (n = 211) | Training cohort | Validation cohort | ||
(n = 158) | (n = 53) | |||
MVI | Â | Â | Â | 0.36 |
 Negative | 110 (52.1) | 79 (50.0) | 31 (58.5) |  |
 Positive | 101 (47.9) | 79 (50.0) | 22 (41.5) |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.75 |
 Female | 41 (19.4) | 32 (20.3) | 9 (17.0) |  |
 Male | 170 (80.6) | 126 (79.7) | 44 (83.0) |  |
Age (years) | Â | Â | Â | 0.02 |
  < 60 | 118 (55.9) | 96 (60.8) | 22 (41.5) |  |
  >  = 60 | 93 (44.1) | 62 (39.2) | 31 (58.5) |  |
Tumor size (cm) | Â | Â | Â | 0.05 |
  < 5 | 98 (46.4) | 80 (50.6) | 18 (34.0) |  |
  >  = 5 | 113 (53.6) | 78 (49.4) | 35 (66.0) |  |
Child–Pugh class |  |  |  | 0.99 |
 A | 201 (95.3) | 150 (94.9) | 51 (96.2) |  |
 B | 10 (4.7) | 8 (5.1) | 2 (3.8) |  |
Cirrhosis | Â | Â | Â | 0.96 |
 No | 69 (32.7) | 51 (32.3) | 18 (34.0) |  |
 Yes | 142 (67.3) | 107 (67.7) | 35 (66.0) |  |
HBsAg | Â | Â | Â | 0.34 |
 Negative | 44 (20.9) | 30 (19.0) | 14 (26.4) |  |
 Positive | 167 (79.1) | 128 (81.0) | 39 (73.6) |  |
Albumin (g/dL) | Â | Â | Â | 0.14 |
 < 3.5 | 13 (6.2) | 7 (4.4) | 6 (11.3) |  |
 >  = 3.5 | 198 (93.8) | 151 (95.6) | 47 (88.7) |  |
AFP (ng/mL) | Â | Â | Â | 0.04 |
  < 400 | 150 (71.1) | 106 (67.1) | 44 (83.0) |  |
  >  = 400 | 61 (28.9) | 52 (32.9) | 9 (17.0) |  |
AST (U/L) | Â | Â | Â | 0.75 |
  < 40 | 145 (68.7) | 110 (69.6) | 35 (66.0) |  |
  >  = 40 | 66 (31.3) | 48 (30.4) | 18 (34.0) |  |
ALT (U/L) | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 |
  < 44 | 146 (69.2) | 109 (69.0) | 37 (69.8) |  |
  >  = 44 | 65 (30.8) | 49 (31.0) | 16 (30.2) |  |
TB (umol/L) | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 |
  < 17.1 | 132 (62.6) | 99 (62.7) | 33 (62.3) |  |
  >  = 17.1 | 79 (37.4) | 59 (37.3) | 20 (37.7) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â | 0.01 |
  < 24.9 | 162 (76.8) | 135 (85.4) | 27 (50.9) |  |
  >  = 24.9 | 49 (23.2) | 23 (14.6) | 26 (49.1) |  |
Surgical approach | Â | Â | Â | 0.09 |
 Open laparotomy | 99 (46.9) | 80 (50.6) | 19 (35.8) |  |
 Laparoscopic | 112 (53.1) | 78 (49.4) | 34 (64.2) |  |
Resection method | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 |
 Non-anatomical | 97 (46.0) | 73 (46.2) | 24 (45.3) |  |
 Anatomical | 114 (54.0) | 85 (53.8) | 29 (54.7) |  |
Surgical margin (cm) | Â | Â | Â | 0.03 |
  < 1 | 150 (71.1) | 119 (75.3) | 31 (58.5) |  |
  >  = 1 | 61 (28.9) | 39 (24.7) | 22 (41.5) |  |
SAT area (cm2) | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 |
 Small | 80 (37.9) | 60 (38.0) | 20 (37.7) |  |
 Large | 131 (62.1) | 98 (62.0) | 33 (62.3) |  |
SAT density (HU) | Â | Â | Â | 0.08 |
 Low | 119 (56.4) | 95 (60.1) | 24 (45.3) |  |
 High | 92 (43.6) | 63 (39.9) | 29 (54.7) |  |
SATI (cm2/m2) | Â | Â | Â | 0.27 |
 Low | 157 (74.4) | 114 (72.2) | 43 (81.1) |  |
 High | 54 (25.6) | 44 (27.8) | 10 (18.9) |  |
VAT area (cm2) | Â | Â | Â | 0.14 |
 Small | 88 (41.7) | 71 (44.9) | 17 (32.1) |  |
 Large | 123 (58.3) | 87 (55.1) | 36 (67.9) |  |
VAT density (HU) | Â | Â | Â | 0.77 |
 Low | 90 (55.0) | 66 (41.8) | 24 (45.3) |  |
 High | 121 (45.0) | 92 (58.2) | 29 (54.7) |  |
VATI (cm2/m2) | Â | Â | Â | 0.10 |
 Low | 90 (42.7) | 73 (46.2) | 17 (32.1) |  |
 High | 121 (57.3) | 85 (53.8) | 36 (67.9) |  |
VSR | Â | Â | Â | 0.19 |
 Low | 90 (42.7) | 72 (45.6) | 18 (34.0) |  |
 High | 121 (57.3) | 86 (54.4) | 35 (66.0) |  |
IMAT area (cm2) | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 |
 Small | 107 (50.7) | 80 (50.6) | 27 (50.9) |  |
 Large | 104 (49.3) | 78 (49.4) | 26 (49.1) |  |
IMAT density (HU) | Â | Â | Â | 0.19 |
 Low | 102 (48.3) | 81 (51.3) | 21 (39.6) |  |
 High | 109 (51.7) | 77 (48.7) | 32 (60.4) |  |
IMATI (cm2/m2) | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 |
 Low | 103 (48.8) | 77 (48.7) | 26 (49.1) |  |
 High | 108 (51.2) | 81 (51.3) | 27 (50.9) |  |
SM area (cm2) | Â | Â | Â | 0.65 |
 Small | 63 (29.9) | 49 (31.0) | 14 (26.4) |  |
 Large | 148 (70.1) | 109 (69.0) | 39 (73.6) |  |
SM density (HU) | Â | Â | Â | 0.55 |
 Low | 118 (55.9) | 86 (54.4) | 32 (60.4) |  |
 High | 93 (44.1) | 72 (45.6) | 21 (39.6) |  |
SMI (cm2/m2) | Â | Â | Â | 0.40 |
 Low | 99 (46.9) | 71 (44.9) | 28 (52.8) |  |
 High | 112 (53.1) | 87 (55.1) | 25 (47.2) |  |