Fig. 2

SAPS% from BALF is associated with ARDS prognosis. (A) The concentration of EVs in Day 1 ARDS patients (n = 6) and controls (n = 6). Data are normalized per 1mL BALF. Statistical significance is calculated using Mann-Whitney test; (B) SAPs% in ARDS patients on Day 1 (n = 46), Day 3 (n = 24) and controls (n = 8). Statistical analysis is calculated using one-way ANOVA; (C) BALF SAPs% in ARDSp patients (n = 39) and ARDSexp patients (n = 7) on Day 1 and in controls (n = 8). Statistical analysis is calculated using one-way ANOVA; (D) SAPS% in ARDSp patients (n = 19) and ARDSexp patients (n = 5) on Day 3 and in controls(n = 8). Statistical analysis is calculated using one-way ANOVA; (E) Cellular origin of SAPs in patients with ARDS (n = 8) and controls (n = 8). CD68 was used to identify macrophage derived EVs. CD31 and CD326 were used to identified EVs from endothelial and epithelial, respectively. (F) SAPs% in survivors (n = 35) and non-survivors (n = 11) on Day 1 and SAPs% in survivors (n = 17) and non-survivors (n = 7) on Day 3. Unpaired Student’s t test was used to calculate significance. (G) The ability of SAPs% on Day 3 to predict mortality in patients with ARDS. (H) The survival rate of patients stratified with a cutoff value of 71.85% for SAPs% on Day 3 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves. (I) Comparison of clinical parameters according to the survival status on Day 3 using unpaired Student’s t test. (J) A combination of SAPs% and the SOFA score on Day 3 to predict the prognosis of ARDS. SAPs, secretory autophagosomes. SAPs%, the proportion of SAPs in EVs; Data are presented as mean ± SD in (A)-(D) and (F). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001