Table 2 Recent studies utilizing Cryo-EM to isolate and characterize extracellular vesicles (EVs) and investigate their structural aspects, including the presence of multicompartmental vesicles, in various biological samples from humans, animals, and microorganisms
Sample source | Species | Conditions | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
Human leukemia monocytic cell line (THP-1) | Human | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and starvation conditions | [89] |
Follicular Fluid | Human | Normal fertile | [131] |
Plasma, MDA231, HVT, THP1 cell lines | Human | Diagnostic tools | [93] |
Plasma | Human | Dementia with Lewy bodies disease | [94] |
Plasma | Human | Clinical applications | [95] |
Plasma | Human | Gaucher disease | [132] |
Semen | Human | Normal condition | [78] |
Seminal plasma | Human | Normal condition | [132] |
3T3-L1 cells adipocytes | Human | Hypoxic conditions | [133] |
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells | Human | Normal conditions | [96] |
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) | Human | Normal conditions | [61] |
Coronin 1Â C-null cell line | Mouse | Melanoma metastasis | [99] |
Blood sample | Mouse | Atherosclerosis Disease | [97] |
Superior cervical ganglion | Mouse | Sympathetic cultures | [98] |
Synovial fluid | Equine | Isolation of CD44 | [129] |
Egg yolk | Chicken | Embryotrophic effect on mammalian embryos. | [74] |
Marine toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum | Microorganism | Axenic culture | [100] |
Dictyostelium cells, Ax-2 strain | Microorganism | Vitreous ice environment | [101] |