Relevance of multilamellar and multicompartmental vesicles in biological fluids: understanding the significance of proportional variations and disease correlation

Table 1 Studies on structural aspects and proportions of multicompartmental vesicles derived from EVs highlighting their potential correlation with human diseases and relevance for clinical diagnostics

Human samples	Examined particles	Unilamellar	Bi- and trilamellar	Multicompartmental	Condition	Ref.
Cerebrospinal fluid	75	54.4%	8.1%	36.5%*	Parkinson’s Disease (PD)	[76]
Cerebrospinal fluid	85	82.3%	9.4%	8.3%	Other neurological diseases	[76]
Cerebrospinal Fluid		40%	60%	NA	Traumatic brain injury	[91]
Ejaculates	1110	76.9%	19.6%	3.5%	Normal conditions	[77]
Mast cell	1724#	81.7%	1.1%	1.3%	Conditioned medium	[80]
Myelinosome-like vesicles in seminal plasma		59%	20–30%	< 1%	Normal conditions	[88]
Plasma\total Blood §		15%\20%	70%\81%	5%\10%	Diagnostic/prognostic breast cancer	[92]
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) \ subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)‡		65.40%\84.70%	22.40% \8.10%	8.60% \4.20%	Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus	[130]

*: Percentage of multicompartmental vesicles of PD are statistically higher than other CSF samples at P < 0,05 (Data were analyzed with Mann–Whitney test) [76]
#: the authors considered more categories including the oval, small tubules, incomplete, or pleomorphic vesicles with a proportion of around 16%
§: the percentage for Plasma and total Blood samples from breast cancer patients
‡: The percentage numbers for VAT and SAT with obesity and type 2 diabetes

ISSN: 2050-7771