Table 2 Overview on the effect of TF in various cancers

Human melanoma

TF overexpression

Overexpression of TF increased metastasis

[137]

Colorectal cancer

TF expression

Significant connections between TF expression and both synchronous and metachronous hepatic metastases

[138]

Breast cancer

TF expression

TF may have a role in neovascularization associated with tumor stroma formation and also patients with TF expression had lower survival periods than individuals without TF expression

[68, 139]

Hepatocellular carcinoma

TF expression

TF is a regulator of angiogenesis in HCC with VEGF also, TF plays a crucial role in the aggressiveness of HCC

[140]

Colorectal cancer

TF expression

Expression of TF caused cell line SW620 growth and migration

[141]

Non-small cell lung cancer

TF overexpression

TF staining was substantially greater in cells from NSCLC patients having metastasis than in those without metastasis based on immunohistochemical studies

[142]

Melanoma

TF overexpression

In a mouse model, higher levels of TF were present in metastatic melanoma cells than in nonmetastatic cells, and blocking TF receptors significantly decreased the number of melanoma cells that remained in the lung

[78]

Glioma

TF expressed

In this prospective cohort study, no strong association was found between TF expression levels in brain tumors and the occurrence of VTE

[125]

TF overexpression

There is a significant correlation between TF expression and tumor micro-vessel density, a measure of angiogenesis, suggesting that TF may play a role in glioma angiogenesis induction. As a result, TF is highly expressed in gliomas and the degree of expression is correlated with the microvascular density and histologic grade of malignancy

[126]

Ovarian cancer

TF expression

A substantial correlation between TF expression in tumors and the development of VTE was found

[143]

Gastric Cancer

TF expression

TF expression was associated with lymph node metastases. It is hypothesized that TF expression is crucial in the metastasis of intestinal-type gastric cancer but not diffuse-type cancer

[144]

Retinoblastoma

TF expression

TF modulates retinoblastoma tumor angiogenesis. In the proliferative region of retinoblastoma, TF was preferentially expressed

[43]

Pancreatic cancer

TF overexpression

A significant correlation between elevated TF expression in pancreatic cancer specimens and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. Also, TF expression is a crucial early stage of the pancreas' malignant transformation

[136]

Prostate cancer

TF expression

Overexpression of TF in the majority (73%) of human prostate cancers

[145]

Lung carcinoma

TF expression

patients with lung carcinomas that were TF-positive had lower survival periods than individuals whose cancers were TF-negative

[146]