Table 1 The downstream targets (mRNA/miRNA) of ADAR1 and its biological functions
From: Emerging role of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 in stem cell fate and function
Target | Mechanism of ADAR1 action | Biological functions | |
|---|---|---|---|
AZIN1 [136] | mRNA editing in 3’-UTR | Influence hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation | |
CCDC15 [137] | Edit a GA-rich ISS at intron 8Â of CCDC15 | Affect CCDC15 splicing Promote tumorigenesis | |
CCN1[120] | mRNA editing | Induce immune response As a tumor-suppressor in mutiple cancers | |
DHFR [138] | mRNA editing in 3’-UTR | Enhance cellular proliferation and resistance to methotrexate in breast cancer resistance | |
FAK [139] | Editing a specific intronic region | Facilitate tumor progression and metastasis | |
mRNA editing in exon 12 | Increase proportion of drug-resistant cells in myeloma | ||
Let-7 | Editing in pri-let-7d | Impair pri-let-7 biogenesis Promote leukemia stem cell (LSC) self renewal | |
ADAR1p150 complex with Dicer | Promote the expression of miRNA-222 Induce Myocarditis | ||
miR-378a-3p [119] | miRNA editing | Prevent melanoma progression | |
miR-455-5p [142] | miRNA editing | Promotes melanoma growth and metastasis | |
c-Myc [125] | Stabilize c-Myc mRNA | Promote resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to BET inhibitors | |
MDM2[70] | Editing the 3’ UTR of MDM2 | Promote malignant progenitor propagation | |
miR-148a-3p [72] | Together with DICER enerates endogenous small RNAs | Correlate with the development of gastric cancer | |
p16INK4a [63] | Affect SIRT1 RNA stability through HuR | Promote senescence | |
miR-26a [36] | Impairing miR-26a maturation, | Represses CDKN1A expression accelerates cell cycle transit | |
GM2A [105] | Editing 3’-UTR of GM2A | Confer GSC self-renewal and stemness | |
EMT miRNAs | miRNA editing | Promote DICER-mediated miRNA maturation Promote cell invasion and migration | |