Table 1 Related pathways and specific effects

RTK related pathway

GnT-III

N-acetylglucosaminyltransfease

Influencing EGF binding and receptor autophosphorylation

[106]

GnT-V

Influencing PLCγ-PKC pathway

[111]

GALNT2

N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

Influencing PI3K/Akt/mTOR

[114]

FUT8

Fucosyltransferase

Influencing LCA binding to MET and EGFR

[96]

MUC4

Mucin

Regulating EGFR expression

[9]

GOLPH3

Golgi phosphoprotein

Decreasing EGFR proliferation signaling activity

[116]

TGF-β

pathway

ST3GAL1

Sialytransferase

Indirectly controlling FoxM1 protein degradation by the APC/C-Cdh1 complex

[117]

MAPK pathway

Hsc70

Heat shock protein

Decreasing the levels of β4GalT5 downstream signaling proteins P-ERK1, P-JNK1 and P-Akt.

[119]

Advanced Glycation End Products

Glycotoxins

Activating tyrosine kinase and RAS related pathways, inducing the activation of p38 MAPK

[168]