Table 1 Properties of cell sources mentioned in this study
|  | Tregs | γδT cells | MAITs | iNKT cells | NK cells | Monocyte/Macrophages | Neutrophils | HSPCs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenotype | CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + CD127low | CD3 + γδTCR | CD3 + Vα7.2 + CD161 +  | CD3 + CD56 +  | CD3-CD56 +  | CD11b + CD14 + CD15 + CD16 +  | CD11b + CD16 + CD66b +  | CD34 + |
Frequency in peripheral blood | 1–4% of PBMCs | 0.5–5% of circulating T cells | up to 10% of circulating T cells | < 1% of circulating T cells | 10–15% | 6% of circulating leukocytes | 50–70% of circulating leukocytes | 0.01–0.1% |
Source | PB, UCB, Thymuse | PB | PB, HSPCs, iPSCs | PB | PB, UCB, BM, cell lines, hESCs, HSPCs, iPSCs | PB, HSPCs, iPSCs | PB, HSPCs, iPSCs | PB, UCB, BM |
MHC | Restricted | Non-restricted | Non-restricted | Non-restricted | NA | NA | NA | HSPCs will produce granulocytes and monocytes within 1–2 weeks, followed by the production of NK cells in a few months and T-lymphocytes for some time. Depending on the cell produced, phenotypic and functional properties may differ |
Receptors | αβTCR, TLR | γδTCR, FcRs, NKR | αβTCR, NKR | semi-invariant αβTCR, NKRs | NKRs | FcRs, TLR | FcRs, TLR | |
Perforin/granzymes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
Apoptosis-inducing ligands (TRAIL, FasL, …) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
ADCC | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF, GM-CSF, …) | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Phagocytosis | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |