Fig. 1
![Fig. 1](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40364-022-00371-7/MediaObjects/40364_2022_371_Fig1_HTML.png)
The structural characteristics of CAR generations developed to date. These five generations of CARs only have differences in their intracellular domains. AD, activation domain; CS, costimulatory domain; scFv, single-chain fragment variable; TM, transmembrane domain; VH, heavy chain variable domain; VHH, single variable domain on a heavy chain; VL, light chain variable domain