Fig. 3
From: Next frontier in tumor immunotherapy: macrophage-mediated immune evasion
Crosstalk between major immunosuppressive cells in the TME promotes tumor immune escape. Tumor cells and immunosuppressive cells in the TME like Th2, Tregs and MDSCs can promote M0 polarize to M2 and enhance its proliferation and migration via a variety of signaling pathways. Conversely, M2 can also act on these cells, prompting them differentiate towards the immunosuppressive direction, thus forming an immunosuppressive the TME in concert. The red arrow indicates the polarization direction of cells, and the black arrow indicates that the cytokines can promote the polarization or function of corresponding cells