miR-21: a non‐specific biomarker of all maladies

Biomarker Research

Table 1 Biomarker status of elevated miR-21 across 16 non-neoplastic diseases

Disease Group	Disease	Sample size	Fluid Source	Additional miRNA biomarkers	Predictive or Prognostic	Citation
Cardiovascular Diseases
1	Myocardial infarction	272	Plasma	miR-1, miR-499, miR-423, miR133a	Predictive	[32]
1	Myocardial infarction	66	Plasma	--	Predictive	[33]
2	Coronary artery disease	52	Plasma	miR-23a, miR-34a	Predictive	[34]
2	Coronary artery disease	147	Plasma	miR-133b	Predictive	[35]
3	Acute coronary syndrome	62	Plasma and PBMC	miR-146, miR-155	Predictive	[36]
4	Chronic cardiovascular disease	60	Peripheral blood	miR-92a, miR-222, miR-130a	Predictive	[37]
5	Left ventricular fibrosis in aortic stenosis	132	Plasma	--	Prognostic	[38]
6	Cardiac arrest	28	Plasma	miR-122	Prognostic	[39]
Non-cardiovascular Diseases
7	Crohn Disease	78	Serum	miR-16, miR-484, miR-30e, miR-140, miR-192, miR-93, let-7b, miR-195, miR-106a, miR-20a	Predictive	[40]
8	Dengue Fever	6DC / 72VC	Serum	miR-146a	Predictive	[41]
9	Hepatitis C	72	Serum	miR-27a, miR-106, miR-122, miR93, miR-199, miR-23b	Predictive and prognostic	[42]
9	Hepatitis C	110	Serum	--	Prognostic	[43]
10	Multiple sclerosis	48	PBMC	miR-146a, miR-146b	Predictive	[44]
11	Non-alcoholic fatty liver	403	Serum	miR-34a, miR-122, miR-145, miR-451	Predictive	[45]
12	Pneumonia	176	Serum	miR-155, miR-197, miR-182	Predictive	[46]
13	Pulmonary fibrosis	62	Serum EV	--	Prognostic	[47]
13	Pulmonary fibrosis	130	Serum	miR-155	Predictive	[48]
14	Renal fibrosis	42	Serum	--	Predictive	[49]
15	Systemic lupus erythematosus	145	Plasma	miR-126	Predictive	[50]
15	Systemic lupus erythematosus	85	PBMC	miR-155	Predictive	[51]
16	Type 2 diabetes complications	300 DC / 40 VC	Plasma / CAC	miR-126	Prognostic	[52]

Key: DC Discovery Cohort; VC Validation Cohort; EV Extracellular Vesicles; PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells; CAC Circulating Angiogenic Cells

ISSN: 2050-7771