|
FLT3
|
Quizartinib
|
An anti-FLT3 TKI, was investigated in ALL or AML
|
Nausea, anemia, vomiting, etc
|
I-II-III [70]
|
|
Midostaurin
|
It is an oral multi-targeted kinase inhibitor to inihibit leukemia cells including ALL and FLT3-positive AML
|
Diarhhoea, nausea, headache, etc.
|
I-II-III [71]
|
|
Sunitinib
|
Sunitinib inhibits leukemia cells survival and angiogenesis
|
Cardiotoxic, dyspnea, etc.
|
II [72]
|
|
Lestaurtinib
|
Lestaurtinib might inhibit the activity of FLT3 kinase and it is more appropriate during intensive chemotherapy
|
Gastrointestinal reaction, etc.
|
I-II-III [73]
|
|
Tandutinib
|
It inhibits the FLT3 ITD-positive rather than the ITD-negative patients with AML.
|
Bone pain, nausea, etc.
|
I-II-III
|
|
Gilteritinib
|
Gilteritinib is a kind of favourable safety agent and is being on trial at 120 mg/day
|
Diarrhea, etc.
|
I-II -III
|
|
Crenolanib
|
Crenolanib is a potential selective inhibitor of FLT3-ITDs and PDGFRα/β
|
Vomiting, headache, etc
|
II
|
|
Bortezomib
|
It is associated with apoptotic and autophagic cell death of AML
|
Gastro-intestinal, asthenia, etc
|
I-II-III [74]
|
|
BTK
|
Ibrutinib
|
Although ibrutinib has its own unique toxicity, it usually causes fewer infections
|
Pneumonia, sinusitis, headache upper respiratory tract infection, etc.
|
II
|
|
Acalabrutinib
|
It has received accelerated approval for the treatment of cell lymphoma
|
Headache, diarrhea, weight gain skin rash, severe diarrhea, etc.
|
I-II
|
|
JAK-STAT
|
Ruxolitinib
|
The JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, is more effective against JAK-STAT pathway
|
Nausea, anemia, vomiting, ect.
|
III
|
|
Pacritinib (SB1518)
|
It is potent inhibitor FLT3-ITDs, JAK2, JAK2V617F in phase III development
|
Anemia, ect.
|
I-II-III [75]
|
|
Everolimus
|
Everolimus is combined with MK-2206, particularly important in the setting of resistance to therapeutic drugs
|
Cardiac failure, respiratory failure septic shock, etc.
|
I-II [76]
|
|
Temsirolimus
|
Temsirolimus combines with etoposide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone for relapsed pediatric ALL in adults
|
Nausea, etc.
|
I-II [77]
|
|
mTOR
|
Sirolimus
|
Sirolimus is an mTOR inhibitor, but it has a similar suppressive effect on the immune system
|
Abdominal pain, nausea, etc.
|
II [78]
|
|
AZD8055
|
AZD8055 inhibits the phosphorylation of mTORC1 with p70S6K and 4E–BP1 and downstream proteins
|
Anorexia, etc.
|
I
|
|
Ciclopirox
|
Ciclopirox enhances the effect of the preclinical antileukemia while irritation
|
Itching, blistering, swelling, etc.
|
I
|
|
MEK
|
Pimasertib
|
It is a novel, selective, orally bioavailable MEK1/2
|
Bleeding risk, etc.
|
II
|
|
GSK690693
|
It inhibits apoptosis in sensitive ALL cell lines
|
Not clearly
|
I
|
|
AKT
|
MK-2206
|
An orally inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway which can inhibit tumor cell proliferation
|
Fatigue, vomiting, anorexia, etc
|
I-II
|
|
T315I
|
The mutation of T315I occurs to patients even when second- and third-genneration on trails
|
Nausea, swelling, rash, etc.
|
II-III
|
|
Gefitinib
|
A third-line agent and also is an EGFR inhibitor
|
Diarrhoea, vomiting, anorexia, etc.
|
II [79]
|
|
Ponatinib
|
It is a multi-targeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor often with hypertension
|
Hypertension, rash, abdominal pain, fatigue, etc.
|
I-II
|
|
Bcr-Abl
|
Dasatinib
|
It also inhibits the Src kinase family
|
Anemia, diarrhea, swelling, rash, etc
|
II
|
|
ABL001
|
ABL001 is taken orally and the high does of it can be given safely to patients
|
Not clearly
|
I
|
|
BEZ235
|
BEZ-235 is a PI3K inhibitor. It also inhibits mTOR. It is being investigated as a possible leukemia treatment.
|
Anemia, vomiting, etc
|
I-II
|
|
PI3K
|
Idelalisib
|
Idelalisib is effective in leukemia patients who have p53 mutation
|
Fever, fatigue, nausea, cough abdominal, pain, rash, chills, etc.
|
on trial
|
|
PKI-587
|
Gedatolisib is an agent targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway
|
Nausea, etc.
|
I
|
|
PLK1
|
Volasertib
|
It has been reported the volasertib inhibits PLK1 in both cancer and normal cells
|
Anaema, throm bocytopenia, nausea febrile neutropenia, etc.
|
I-II
|
