Fig. 4

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. a Bladder cancer (BC) vs. benign urological disease and healthy donors (HDs), (b) BC vs. HDs, (c) non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC; ≤pT1) and muscle invasive BC (MIBC; ≥pT2) vs. HDs, (d) NMIBC vs. HDs, and (e) MIBC vs. HDs. The area under the curve (AUC) value for BC vs. benign disease and HDs (a) was 0.87, and the AUC value for BC vs. HDs (b) was 0.81. These AUC values are sufficient to facilitate a diagnosis of BC. The AUC values for NMIBC and MIBC (c), NMIBC (d), and MIBC (e) were all 0.86. Thus, mono-Ln-γ2 in urine can be used to diagnose both NMIBC and MIBC