Figure 1

Signaling cascade of JAK-STAT pathway. Binding of the ligand to cytokine receptor induces receptor dimerization and activation of receptor associated JAK kinase, which in turn phosphorylates STAT proteins. After forming a homodimer, STAT proteins translocate to the nucleus to control gene expression. Negative regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway is provided by phospho-tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), member for SOCS family proteins and PIAS proteins (shown in red).