Fig. 1

The genome structure and entry receptors of adenovirus. a Schematic representation of Ad5 genome and the major capsid proteins. b Cellular uptake and transduction mediators of various types of adenoviral vectors. The Ad5 primarily infects cells via both CXADR and integrin. The Ad5 can be engineered to increase cell entry by incorporating peptide into capsid and swapping fibers of other species of adenovirus. Surface receptors for cell binding of B, D subgroup and chimeric adenoviruses are displayed. d Summary of adenovirus entry receptors and fiber modifications.