From: Deamidation-related blood biomarkers show promise for early diagnostics of neurodegeneration
Characteristic | Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 20) | AD (n = 20) | Control (n = 20) | MCI (n = 20) | VaD (n = 20) | FTD (n = 20) | PD (n = 20) | P | |
Age (years) | 55.50 [54.00–60.25] | 57.00 [53.75–59.00] | 55.00 [52.75–63.00] | 61.00 [56.00–70.25] | 66.50 [59.50–72.25]* | 60.50 [54.75–67.25] | 67.50 [57.75–71.00]** | 0.036 |
Women, n (%) | 9 (45%) | 12 (60%) | 11 (55%) | 13 [65%] | 6 (30%) | 13 (65%) | 13 (65%) | 0.113 |
Education years | 9.00 [9.00–12.00] | 9.000 [8.75–9.50] | 9.00 [6.00–12.75] | 9.00 [8.00–12.00] | 9.00 [5.75–12.00] | 9.00 [4.75–12.00] | 9.00 [5.00–12.00] | 0.687 |
APOE ε4 carriers, n (%) | 1 (5%) | 6 (30%) | 2 (12%) | 7 (44%) | 6 (35%) | 4 (24%) | NA | 0.182 |
MMSE | 28.50 [28.00–30.00] | 14.50 [11.25–20.00]*** | 28.50 [27.00–30.00] | 25.00 [24.00–27.25]** | 17.00 [9.00–22.25]*** | 15.00 [9.00–18.00]*** | 23.00 [18.00–27.00]*** | < 0.001 |
MoCA | 26.00 [25.00–27.00] | 7.50 [4.50–13.00]*** | 26.00 [24.75–27.00] | 20.50 [17.75–23.00]*** | 9.50 [5.00–13.25]*** | 7.00 [4.00–10.00]*** | 16.00 [9.000–20.00]*** | < 0.001 |
plasma Aβ42 (pg/mL) | 4.60 [4.28–6.14] | 4.20 [3.05–4.96]* | 4.13 [3.33–5.55] | 4.73 [3.67–6.54] | 4.90 [4.16–6.27] | 6.19 [4.75–7.17]* | 6.72 [5.63–7.43]** | 0.008 |
plasma Aβ40 (pg/mL) | 83.35 [70.67–100.19] | 88.24 [75.36–111.53] | 80.34 [68.35–91.46] | 86.79 [74.37–113.72] | 83.97 [75.11–104.68] | 101.66 [87.08–112.10]* | 111.18 [95.56–124.03]** | 0.011 |
plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 (pg/mL) | 0.06 [0.05–0.07] | 0.04 [0.04–0.05]*** | 0.06 [0.05–0.07] | 0.05 [0.04–0.06] | 0.06 [0.05–0.06] | 0.06 [0.05–0.07] | 0.06 [0.05–0.07] | 0.349 |
plasma p-tau181 (pg/mL) | 1.80 [1.33–2.21] | 3.81 [3.20–5.54]*** | 2.14 [1.94–2.84] | 1.68 [1.36–2.16]* | 1.71 [1.14–2.29]* | 1.76 [1.55–2.08]* | 1.53 [1.28–2.24]* | 0.079 |
plasma NfL (pg/mL) | 10.76 [8.79–12.66] | 24.81 [15.46–30.93]*** | 12.53 [9.94–19.92] | 17.72 [11.24–21.02] | 43.07 [31.77–89.99]*** | 51.05 [31.54–84.92]*** | 26.09 [17.40–34.60]** | < 0.001 |
plasma GFAP (pg/mL) | 73.04 [51.99–92.33] | 266.84 [182.27–318.94]*** | 64.33 [45.11–101.08] | 113.87 [78.58–132.65]** | 119.97 [85.83–156.38]** | 144.54 [99.90–183.39]*** | 124.48 [105.50–175.45]*** | < 0.001 |