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Fig. 2 | Biomarker Research

Fig. 2

From: The role and metabolic adaptations of neutrophils in premetastatic niches

Fig. 2

The differentiation and role of TANs in pre-metastatic niche. IFNs can foster antitumor phenotype (N1), whereas transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) can promote pro-tumor phenotype (N2). N1 exerts anticancer effects via different mechanisms of action like reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorous acid (HOCL), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), cathepsin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Norepinephrine (NE), and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ). N2 exerts a cancer-promoting effect by promoting tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis, and suppressing the activation of immune cells. Matrix metalloprotein, MMP9; Vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF; Arginase-1, ARG1; Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, INOS; C–C motif chemokine ligand 17, CCL17; Hepatocyte growth factor, HGF; Oncostatin M, OSM; Prostaglandin E2, PGE2; Neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs

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