Fig. 1

The signal pathway of IL-25. IL-25 binding to the receptor complex IL-17RA/IL-17RB can recruit adapter proteins, then mediate the signal transduction, such as Act1. Act1 can influence TRAF6 to induce inflammatory responses via the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. TRAF4 is also activated by Act1, which would activate not only the MAPK pathway but also its dependent DAZAP2 degradation leading to STAT5 recruitment to the IL-17RB subunit. TRADD and FADD are also recruited by the IL-25/IL-25R complex, and they mediate apoptosis. IL-25 might activate the JAK and STAT3 pathways, which are associated with cell survival. The image is produced by Adobe Illustrator