Table 1 Characteristics of participants in Cohort 1 and 2

Age (years)

55.50 [54.00–60.25]

57.00 [53.75–59.00]

55.00 [52.75–63.00]

61.00 [56.00–70.25]

66.50 [59.50–72.25]*

60.50 [54.75–67.25]

67.50 [57.75–71.00]**

0.036

Women, n (%)

9 (45%)

12 (60%)

11 (55%)

13 [65%]

6 (30%)

13 (65%)

13 (65%)

0.113

Education years

9.00 [9.00–12.00]

9.000 [8.75–9.50]

9.00 [6.00–12.75]

9.00 [8.00–12.00]

9.00 [5.75–12.00]

9.00 [4.75–12.00]

9.00 [5.00–12.00]

0.687

APOE ε4 carriers, n (%)

1 (5%)

6 (30%)

2 (12%)

7 (44%)

6 (35%)

4 (24%)

NA

0.182

MMSE

28.50 [28.00–30.00]

14.50 [11.25–20.00]***

28.50 [27.00–30.00]

25.00 [24.00–27.25]**

17.00 [9.00–22.25]***

15.00 [9.00–18.00]***

23.00 [18.00–27.00]***

< 0.001

MoCA

26.00 [25.00–27.00]

7.50 [4.50–13.00]***

26.00 [24.75–27.00]

20.50 [17.75–23.00]***

9.50 [5.00–13.25]***

7.00 [4.00–10.00]***

16.00 [9.000–20.00]***

< 0.001

plasma Aβ42 (pg/mL)

4.60 [4.28–6.14]

4.20 [3.05–4.96]*

4.13 [3.33–5.55]

4.73 [3.67–6.54]

4.90 [4.16–6.27]

6.19 [4.75–7.17]*

6.72 [5.63–7.43]**

0.008

plasma Aβ40 (pg/mL)

83.35 [70.67–100.19]

88.24 [75.36–111.53]

80.34 [68.35–91.46]

86.79 [74.37–113.72]

83.97 [75.11–104.68]

101.66 [87.08–112.10]*

111.18 [95.56–124.03]**

0.011

plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 (pg/mL)

0.06 [0.05–0.07]

0.04 [0.04–0.05]***

0.06 [0.05–0.07]

0.05 [0.04–0.06]

0.06 [0.05–0.06]

0.06 [0.05–0.07]

0.06 [0.05–0.07]

0.349

plasma p-tau181 (pg/mL)

1.80 [1.33–2.21]

3.81 [3.20–5.54]***

2.14 [1.94–2.84]

1.68 [1.36–2.16]*

1.71 [1.14–2.29]*

1.76 [1.55–2.08]*

1.53 [1.28–2.24]*

0.079

plasma NfL (pg/mL)

10.76 [8.79–12.66]

24.81 [15.46–30.93]***

12.53 [9.94–19.92]

17.72 [11.24–21.02]

43.07 [31.77–89.99]***

51.05 [31.54–84.92]***

26.09 [17.40–34.60]**

< 0.001

plasma GFAP (pg/mL)

73.04 [51.99–92.33]

266.84 [182.27–318.94]***

64.33 [45.11–101.08]

113.87 [78.58–132.65]**

119.97 [85.83–156.38]**

144.54 [99.90–183.39]***

124.48 [105.50–175.45]***

< 0.001