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Table 3 Review of the regulators of JAK1 and TYK2

From: Direct and indirect effects of IFN-α2b in malignancy treatment: not only an archer but also an arrow

Regulator

Cell type

Target

Action

Mechanism

Citation

Intracellular factors

 USP6

Mouse preosteoblast cells

JAK1

Protein degradation

Directly binding, leading to deubiquitination and stabilization of JAK1

[92]

 TRIM27

HEK293, HeLa

JAK1

Formation of a complex

Directly binding, increasing the binding ability of JAK1

[93]

 ALEX1

AGS

JAK1

Functional activation

Increasing the phosphorylation level

[94]

 APLNR

HEK293T, A375

JAK1

Formation of a complex

Directly binding

[95]

 BRCA1

EcR-293

JAK1

Regulation of gene expression

Transcriptionally upregulating JAK1

[96]

 CDK1

A549, 1792

JAK1

Functional activation

Increasing the phosphorylation level

[97]

 CISH

Murine NK cells

JAK1

Protein degradation

Directly binding, leading to ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1

[98]

 c-KIT

HepG2, SNU398, SNU449

JAK1

Functional activation

Increasing the phosphorylation level

[99]

 TJP1

Multiple myeloma cells

JAK1

Functional activation

Decreasing the phosphorylation level in an EGFR-dependent manner

[100]

 HIF-1α

Glioma stem-like cells

JAK1

Functional activation

Increasing the phosphorylation level

[90]

 SgK223

Pancreatic ductal epithelial cells

JAK1

Functional activation

Increasing the phosphorylation level

[101]

 LDL

PC‐3, LNCaP, MIA PaCa‐2, PANC‐1

JAK1

Functional activation

Increasing the phosphorylation level

[102]

 MUC1-C

ZR-75–1, MCF-7, MCF-10A

JAK1

Formation of a complex

Directly binding, increasing the binding ability of JAK1

[103]

 Annexin A1

EpH4

TYK2

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[104]

 CTLA4

Lymphoma cells and multiple myeloma cells

TYK2

Functional activation

Increasing the phosphorylation level

[105]

 MEOX1

MCF-10A, MCF-7, T-47D

TYK2

Regulation of gene expression

Upregulating TYK2

[106]

Exogenic factors

 AH057

HeLa, DU145, HepG2

JAK1

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[107]

 Sorafenib

U87, U251

JAK1

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[108]

 Maraviroc

SUP-B15

JAK1

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[109]

 CDDO-Me

HeLa, MDA-MB-468

JAK1

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[110]

 Myricetin

JB6

JAK1

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[111]

 Leptin

H292, MCF7, MDA-MB-231

JAK1

Functional activation

Increasing the phosphorylation level

[112]

 Triptolide

SW480, Caco 2

JAK1

Regulation of gene expression

Downregulating JAK1

[113]

 Regorafenib

MEL-RM

JAK1

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[114]

 Oxymatrine

A549

JAK1

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[115]

 4HPR

UMSCC22B

JAK1

Regulation of gene expression

Upregulating JAK1

[116]

 HO-3867

Ovarian cancer cells

JAK1

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[117]

 Fraxinellone

A549

JAK1

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[118]

 Formononetin

U266, RPMI 8226

JAK1

Functional repression

Decreasing the phosphorylation level

[119]

 Cirsiliol

Esophageal cancer cells

TYK2

Formation of a complex

Directly binding

[89]

 PU-H71

MDA-MB-231

TYK2

Regulation of gene expression

Downregulating TYK2

[120]

 17-Hydroxy-jolkinolide B

HepG2

TYK2

Regulation of gene expression

Downregulating TYK2

[121]