Fig. 1

Signaling pathways and genes controlling YAP expression and its regulatory system. YAP can be affected by many factors. when YAP is phosphorylated in the cytoplasm by some factors like Hippo pathway, AKT, c-Abl, NLK, MYPT1 and PRP4K, it finally can be degraded, YAP can also be enhanced by OTUB2 so that it can enter in nucleus easily. Active YAP localizes in the nucleus and combines with TEAD, p73 or ZEB1 at its TED domain thus affect other factors. YAP-TEAD co-activator could enhance CTGF, CYR6, MYC and NUAK2, which participates in a feed-forward loop that enhances YAP activity by inhibit Hippo pathway. YAP-TEAD co-activator could also be inhibited by TRPS1, TIAM1 and RUNX3, and be enhanced by MRTF and SS18-SSX. Aurora a kinase can phosphorylate YAP in nucleus thus reduce the activity of it