Biological roles of RNA m5C modification and its implications in Cancer immunotherapy

Biomarker Research

Table 1 The role and mechanism of m⁵C in cancer

m⁵C regulators	Position	Function	Potential mechanism	Refs
ALYREF, NSUN5, DNMT1	HNSCC	Participate in progress and predict prognosis	Involved in regulating tumor energy metabolism and protein synthesis	[90]
NSUN2	Gastric Cancer	Cell Proliferation	Regulate downstream gene p57Kip2	[98]
NSUN2	HDFs	Cell Proliferation and Senescence	Regulate the expression of p27 and CDK1	[99]
NSUN2	U87	Cell Migration	Participate in regulation by methylating ATX mRNA	[100]
NSUN2	HCC	Cell Differentiation	Recruit oncoprotein G3BP1	[95]
NSUN2, ALYREF	Bladder Cancer	Cell Proliferation and Migration	Regulation of mRNA stability through a new binding protein YBX1 in the cytoplasm	[31]
NSUN6	Pancreatic Cancer	Cell Proliferation	Regulates cell cycle and G2M checkpoints	[101]
NSUN4, ALYREF	HCC	Tumor progression	High expression of NSUN4 and ALYREF is significantly correlated with survival outcome	[94]
NSUN2, NSUN6	TNBC	Tumor proliferation Occurrence and Metastasis.	Affect tumor development and tumor immune microenvironment	[102]
NSUN2	Gastrointestinal Cancer	Tumor progression and pathological staging	Regulates GSK3B and participates in the ErbB/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway	[103]
DNMT3A	Glioblastoma Multiforme	Tumor progression	Inhibit the formation of miRNA/mRNA duplexes, loss of tumor suppression kinetic energy	[104]
ALYREF	Bladder Cancer	Glycolysis and Tumorigenesis	Overexpression of ALYREF promotes the proliferation of bladder cancer cells through PKM2-mediated glycolysis.	[105]

ISSN: 2050-7771