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Table 2 PtdSer recognition sites related to immune or blood coagulation

From: The role of phosphatidylserine on the membrane in immunity and blood coagulation

PtdSer binding recognition site

Immune receptor or coagulation factor

Ca2+ dependence

Function after binding to PtdSer

References

GLA domain

GAS6/PROS1 ligand of immune receptor TAM

Yes

Identify apoptotic cells (GAS6/PROS1), stable thrombosis and maintain platelet stability (GAS6)

[33, 34]

Coagulation factor vitamin K-dependent proteins (Factor VIIa, IXa, Xa, prothrombin and activated protein C)

Yes

Coagulation and anticoagulation

[107, 189]

Discoidin-like C2 domain

MFG-E8 ligand of immune receptor αvβ3 or αvβ5 integrins

No

Identify apoptotic cells

[63, 64, 154, 155]

Coagulation factor

Factor Va and Factor VIIIa

No

Maintain protein stability

[191]

IgV-like domain

Immune receptor TIM family (TIM-1, TIM-3, TIM-4)

Yes

Identify apoptotic cells and promote endocytosis.

[35]

Immune receptor CD300a

Yes

Identify apoptotic cells

[35]

Immune receptor RAGE

Not sure yet

Identify apoptotic cells

[69, 168]

TSP-1

Immune receptor BAI1

Not sure yet

Promote maximum phagocytosis of apoptotic cells

[66]

EGF-like domain

Immune receptor stabilin-1 and stabilin-2

Yes

Endocytosis and cell fusion

[67, 68, 164,165,166]