Skip to main content

Table 1 Immune receptors that recognize PtdSer

From: The role of phosphatidylserine on the membrane in immunity and blood coagulation

Immune Receptor

Cellular distribution

PtdSer recognition manner

PtdSer binding site

Function after binding to PtdSer

Disease (*represents related to PtdSer)

TAM (TYRO3, AXL, MER)

Macrophage, dendritic cells [74, 75], etc.

Indirect recognition

TAM ligand GAS6/PROS1 GLA domain [34, 97,98,99,100]

Identify apoptotic cells and prevent inflammation.

Stable platelets [25, 80, 81]

*Virus invasion [10,11,12, 15],

*Certain tumor and cancer [22],

*Alzheimer’s disease [7, 109],

SLE [151], Rheumatoid Arthritis [152]

TIM (TIM-1, TIM-3, TIM-4)

T helper 2 [122],

T helper 1 [136],

macrophage [127], etc.

Direct recognition

IgV-like domain [35]

Identify apoptotic cells and promote endocytosis [35]

*Virus invasion (HIV [8], Ebola virus [9], Dengue12, etc.)

*Tumor [19,20,21]

αvβ3 or αvβ5 integrins

Macrophage [153]

Indirect recognition

αvβ3 or αvβ5 integrins ligand MFG-E8

C2 domain [154, 155]

Endocytosis, mediates related signal transduction [63, 64]

SLE [156]

CD300a (human and mouse )[14, 65], CD300b(mouse )[157], CD300f (mouse )[158], CD300c(human )[159]

Macrophage (CD300b) [157],

myeloid and lymphoid cells [160]

Direct recognition (CD300a)

IgV-like domain (CD300a)

Promote phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (CD300b) [157]

*Dengue virus [14]

Infectious diseases, cancer [161]

BAI1

Macrophage [66]

Direct recognition

TSP-1 [66]

Promote maximum phagocytosis of apoptotic cells [66]

*Bacterial infections [162]

Medulloblastoma, glioblastoma [163]

Stabilin (stabilin-1 and stabilin-2)

Macrophage [164, 165]

Direct recognition

EGF-like domain [67, 165]

Endocytosis [164, 165] and cell fusion [166]

*Sepsis [167]

RAGE

Macrophage [69]

Direct recognition

IgV-like domain [168]

Induce phagocytosis [69]

diabetes [169], cancer [170], alzheimer’s disease [171], a potential inflammatory mediator of SARS-COV-2 infection [172]

LOX-1

Macrophage [70]

Not sure yet

Not sure yet

Endocytosis [70], Ingest oxidized low-density lipoprotein [173]

Atherosclerosis in patients with SLE [174], cancer and tumor [175]