From: The role of phosphatidylserine on the membrane in immunity and blood coagulation
Immune Receptor | Cellular distribution | PtdSer recognition manner | PtdSer binding site | Function after binding to PtdSer | Disease (*represents related to PtdSer) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TAM (TYRO3, AXL, MER) | Indirect recognition | Identify apoptotic cells and prevent inflammation. | *Virus invasion [10,11,12, 15], *Certain tumor and cancer [22], | ||
TIM (TIM-1, TIM-3, TIM-4) | T helper 2 [122], T helper 1 [136], macrophage [127], etc. | Direct recognition | IgV-like domain [35] | Identify apoptotic cells and promote endocytosis [35] | |
αvβ3 or αvβ5 integrins | Macrophage [153] | Indirect recognition | αvβ3 or αvβ5 integrins ligand MFG-E8 | SLE [156] | |
CD300a (human and mouse )[14, 65], CD300b(mouse )[157], CD300f (mouse )[158], CD300c(human )[159] | Macrophage (CD300b) [157], myeloid and lymphoid cells [160] | Direct recognition (CD300a) | IgV-like domain (CD300a) | Promote phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (CD300b) [157] | *Dengue virus [14] Infectious diseases, cancer [161] |
BAI1 | Macrophage [66] | Direct recognition | TSP-1 [66] | Promote maximum phagocytosis of apoptotic cells [66] | *Bacterial infections [162] Medulloblastoma, glioblastoma [163] |
Stabilin (stabilin-1 and stabilin-2) | Direct recognition | *Sepsis [167] | |||
RAGE | Macrophage [69] | Direct recognition | IgV-like domain [168] | Induce phagocytosis [69] | diabetes [169], cancer [170], alzheimer’s disease [171], a potential inflammatory mediator of SARS-COV-2 infection [172] |
LOX-1 | Macrophage [70] | Not sure yet | Not sure yet | Endocytosis [70], Ingest oxidized low-density lipoprotein [173] | Atherosclerosis in patients with SLE [174], cancer and tumor [175] |