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Fig. 7 | Biomarker Research

Fig. 7

From: The role of phosphatidylserine on the membrane in immunity and blood coagulation

Fig. 7

The structure of Factor V and Factor VIII. The figure indicates the cleavage site of Factor V and Factor VIII. After cleaved, Factor V and Factor VIII convert into their active form.Factor V and Factor VIII have the same sequence homology in their three A domains (A1, A2, A3) and two C domains (C1, C2), but entirely different sequence homology in their B domains. Both of them are converted by thrombin into their activated form (Factor Va and Factor VIIIa) [46]. Thrombin cuts off the non-homologous B domain, producing a heavy chain (A1-A2) and a light chain (A3-C1-C2), which are non-covalently combined into a heterodimer and stably connected by Ca2+ (For Factor VIII, A1 and A2 also need to be cut once more to form a heterotrimer) [47]. Their heavy chains contain the properties of cofactors that promote the activity of the Prothrombin complex and Tenase complex [48]. The light chains bind them to phospholipid membranes (such as PtdSer on the membrane). The light chains are necessary for stabilizing proteins after activation [49]

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