Table 1 Representative clinical trials of macrophages-related key immunosuppressive cytokines
From: Next frontier in tumor immunotherapy: macrophage-mediated immune evasion
Target | NCT number | Drug name | Phase | Disease | Patients | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1 | NCT01327846 | Canakinumab | III | Lung cancer | 10061 | The high-dose group reduced the risk of death by 77% (compared with placebo group) | [35] |
IL-8 | NCT02536469 | BMS-986253 | I | Advanced solid tumors | 15 | Safe, well tolerated | [41] |
IL-8 | NCT02583477 | MEDI4736 | II | Metastatic pancreatic ductal carcinoma | 23 | NA | - |
CSF-1R | NCT01525602 | PLX3397 | Ib | Advanced solid tumors | 54 | Well tolerated, potential of reducing infiltration of TAMs | [64] |
CSF-1R | NCT02371369 | Pexidartinib | III | Tenosynovial giant cell tumour | 174 | Tolerable, overall response(39%) | [65] |
TGF-β | NCT01582269 | LY2157299 | II | Recurrent glioblastoma | 158 | Failed to show improved overall survival | [75] |
TGF-βR | NCT01246986 | Galunisertib | II | Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma | 149 | Improved median survival rate of responders | [77] |
PD-1 | NCT02406781 | Pembrolizumab | II | Sarcoma | 57 | The 6-month nonprogression rates were 0%, 0%, 14.3% for LMS, UPS and others respectively | [78] |
PD-1 | NCT02038946 | Nivolumab | II | R/R follicular lymphoma | 92 | ORR was 4% and median PFS was 2.2 months | [79] |