From: Detection and clinical significance of circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer
Principle | Material/Device | Characteristic | Target | Tumor Type | Sensitivity% | Specificity% | Viability% | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Immunoaffinity | Immunomagnetic | Immunonanocomposites equipped with fluorescence and magnetic properties (ZnS:Mn2+ quantum dots and Fe3O4/SiO2), which achieved capture and identification of CTCs simultaneously. | EpCAM | CRC/BC | 90.8 | – | – | [23] |
Nanofibers | Poly ethylene oxide(PEO) was blended into nylon-6 through electrospinning to produce a fibrous mat-based CTCs detection method. High cell-substrate affinity and low leukocyte adsorption. | EpCAM | CRC | 66.7–70.6 | > 99 | – | [24] | |
bio-microchip | ZnO nanowire coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pillar microchips with a gear structure. More binding sites and rough surface. | EpCAM | CRC/BC | 91.11 ± 5.53 | – | 96 | [25] | |
Immunomagnetic | Tumor-targeting molecule FA and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated red blood cells. Natural cell membrane avoided absorption by leukocytes. | FR | BC | > 90 | > 75 | > 90 | [26] | |
Nanovesicles | FA and fluorescein Cy5 coated erythrocyte-derived nanovesicles. Achieving Tumor targeting and fluorescence imaging simultaneously. | FR | CRC/BC | > 95 | > 90 | – | [27] | |
Fluorescent probe | FA functionalized terbium-doped dendritic fibrous nanosilica fluorescence spectrometry. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were utilized to verify the uptake of the fluorescent probe with FR-positive tumor cells. | FR | CRC | 85 | – | > 80 | [28] | |
Immunomagnetic | rVAR2 protein coated micromagnetic beads. rVAR2 binding is unaffected by phenotypic plasticity. | ofCS | HCC/LC/PAAD/PC | 86.0–91.9 | – | – | [30] | |
Immunomagnetic | rVAR2 protein coated micromagnetic beads. | ofCS | GBMLGG | 54–75 | – | – | [31] | |
Microfluidic | Membrane protein O-glycan sialyl-Tn (STn) glycan-affinity microfluidic devices. | sTn | CRC | 22 | > 99.5 | – | [36] | |
Immunomagnetic | EpCAM incombination with EGFR and HER3 based enrichment can significantly improve the detection rate of CTCs. | EpCAM/EGFR/HER3 | NSCLC | 66.7 | – | – | [37] | |
Immuno-microbeads | Anti-EpCAM and anti-CD146 antibodies functionalized gelatin nanoparticle-coated silicon microbeads (SiO2@Gel MBs). SiO2@Gel MBs have large size and high density. The gelatin coating allows the release of captured CTCs with low damage and high efficiency. | EpCAM/CD146 | BC/CRC | > 80 | > 85 | 92.5 | [38] | |
Immunomagnetic | FA and anti-EpCAM antibody functionalized magnetic hyaluronan capsules. | EpCAM/FR | BC | > 88 | 95 | – | [39] | |
Microfluidic | A platform integrated of dendrimer-mediated multivalent binding, a mixture of antibodies and biomimetic cell rolling. | EPCAM/EGFR/CA9/c-Met | RCC | 80 | – | – | [40] | |
Magnetic dynamic microbiointerface | A saccharide-sensitive biomimetic microplatform, which can mimick the dynamic properties of natural excellular matrix. Good biocompatibility, high capture efficiency, excellent cell selectivity. | mussel-inspired cancer cell-targeting peptide | BC | 85 | – | – | [42] | |
AuNPs Electrochemical | Gold nanoparticle-based multipedal DNA walker. TCEP-mediated electrochemical amplification is used to further enhance the electrochemical signal. High sensitivity and anti-interference ability. | DNA probes | ALL | > 96.3 | – | – | [43] | |
Biophysical Properties | Microfluidic | A spiral microchannel with inherent centrifugal force. Taking advantage of two phenomena: Dean migration and inertial focusing. Only the larger CTC undergo inertial focusing and be collected. | LC | 100 | 10 | > 98 | [52] | |
Microfiltration | A 3D palladium filter with an 8 mm-sized pore and a 30 mm-sized pocket. A device driven by gravity flow. | BC/GC/CRC/PAAD | > 85 | – | – | [53] | ||
Microfiltration | A high-density microporous (HDM) chip. High sensitivity and specificity, simplicity, and low cost, enables subsequent single cell molecular characterization and analysis. | CRC | 65.8 | 96 | – | [54] | ||
Density gradient centrifugation | The unique separation tube and collector of AccuCyte system enable the complete separation of the buffy coat layer of white blood cells and platelets. | BC/PC/CRC | 90.5 | 81 | – | [57] | ||
Microfluidic | Consist of deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) isolating structure, an automatic purifying device with CD45-labeled immunomagnetic beads and a rat-tail collagen coated capturing platform. | LC | 90 | 50 | > 90 | [58] | ||
Microfluidic | A sequential ensemble decision aliquot ranking (eDAR) chip with two sorting nodes. CTCs are detected by laser-induced fluorescence(PE-EpCAM), then the CTC-detection signals activate a solenoid and change the pressure of flow to achieve sorting at two junctions. | BC | > 90 | 70 | – | [61] |