Table 1 Baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes

Characteristic^a

 Age- years

31.4 ± 4.8

 BMI- kg/m²

25.7 ± 0.3

 European/Mediterranean origin

141 (86.5 %)

 Duration of diabetes- years

16.7 ± 7.9

 Presence of diabetes complications

50 (30.7 %)

 Nulliparity

66 (40.4 %)

 Systolic blood pressure- mmHg

115.3 ± 16.1

 Diastolic blood pressure- mmHg

69.8 ± 9.9

 History of preeclampsia

10 (6 %)

Maternal outcome

 Hypertension (Worsening Chronic, Gestational or Pre-eclampsia)

37 (22.7 %)

 Preeclampsia

20 (12.3 %)

 Gestational Hypertension

15 (9.2 %)

 New onset proteinuria

25 (15.3 %)

 Episodes of severe hypoglycemia

4 (2.5 %)

 Impaired liver function

15 (9.2 %)

 Vaginal labour

54 (33.1 %)

 Caesarean labour

104 (63.8 %)

 Maternal complications

22 (13.5 %)

 Maternal length of hospital stay- days

4.9 ± 3.5

Neonatal Outcome

 Early preterm (< 34 weeks)

10 (6.3 %)

 Late preterm (34–37 weeks)

53 (32.5 %)

 Birthweight- g

3553 ± 737

 Gestational age at delivery- weeks

37.0 ± 2.0

 Neonatal length of hospital stay (days)

5.5 ± 5.8

 Neonatal intensive care unit admission

52 (31.9 %)

 Neonatal hypoglycaemia

35 (21.5 %)

 Composite fetal outcome

70 (43 %)

 Respiratory distress

11 (6.8 %)

 Antenatal corticosteroids (y/n)

41 (25 %)