Fig. 1
From: Advances in technology and applications of nanoimmunotherapy for cancer
Approach of nanovaccine for successful anti-tumor immune responses. Classical nanovaccines deliver the tumor specific antigens and adjuvants to prime and activate DC cells. Then DC cells induce the proliferation of high avidity T cells, which are the effector cells of anti-tumor immune response. Some specific T cells transform into memory T cells targeting tumor specific antigens. Another type of nanovaccines plays a role as artificial antigen processing cells (aAPC), which can directly induce the specific T cell proliferation through the equipment of peptide-MHC complex and T cell co-stimulatory molecules