Fig. 1

Cancer antigen-specific cell destruction, tumor antigen subtypes, and neoantigen-based cancer therapy. a T cell-mediated tumor cell killing via antigen–TCR-MHC interaction (b) Cancer antigen source, type and neoantigen-based cancer therapy. Tumor antigens derived from either endogenous tumor-cells or exogenous viruses can be classified into three categories: tumor associated antigens (TAAs), tumor-specific antigens (TSAs)/neoantigens, and oncogenic viral proteins. A fraction of personalized neoantigens comprises public neoantigens that are shared among patients. Neoantigen-based therapy could be categorized into cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and therapeutic antibodies