Table 1 Known possible extra-ribosomal functions of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins as derived from Warner and McIntosh, [4]; de las Heras-Rubio et al., [5]; Xu et al., [6]

eL30, uS14, uL12, uS13

Inhibits its own pre-mRNA splicing

uL2, eS28

Shortens its own mRNA T_1/2

uL18, uL5, uL14, uL24, eS7

Sequesters M/HDM2 from ubiquitinizing E3

uL5

Sequesters c-Myc from transactivating its targets

uL24

Promotes p53 translation

uL14

Negatively regulate Miz1 by sequestering nucleophosmin

RACK1

Cell signalling via acting as a receptor for protein kinase C

uL13

Inhibits mRNA translation (GAIT complex) subset of inflammation-related proteins

uS3

Act as a DNA endonuclease (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease III) for DNA repair; binds NFkB; and serves as a signal mediator between neuronal apoptosis and DNA repair

uL16

Binds c-jun

uS10, eL6

Influences Pol III transcription

eL22

Binds Histone H1 (affects transcription), and forms a RNP with Epstein–Barr-encoded small RNA (EBER-1) in B lymphocytes

eS26

Susceptibility factor to diabetes

uS10

Participates in anti-termination by RNA polymerase III

uL3

Induction of G1/S arrest or apoptosis by modulating p21

uL10

DNA repair: apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease III; promotes viral infection; and functions in viral translation

uS11

Negatively controls splicing of its own pre-mRNA

uS15

Negatively controls splicing of its own pre-mRNA

uL30

Inhibits the translation of specific mRNAs, including its own

eL19

Regulation of the Slit-Robo signalling pathway for axon guidance and angiogenesis

eS1

Modulation of erythropoiesis, and binds to the Epstein Barr virus encoded protein EBNA5

P2

Iron-binding protein responsible for distributing iron intracellularly