Fig. 1

SMAD1 is elevated in a subpopulation of MM patients and its overexpression correlates with disease progression and poor survival. a SMAD1 expression in different stages of MM as shown in graph, GSE6477 dataset (ND n = 15, MGUS n = 22, SMM n = 24, newly diagnosis MM n = 73 and Relapse MM n = 28) b SMAD1 expression in primary MM cells from GSE77539 data set(n = 34 pair sample from 17 MM patients in diagnosis and relapse). One-way analysis of variance and paired sample T test was used, p < 0.05 is significant. c The box whisker plot shows SMAD1 expression in primary multiple myeloma plasma cells from patients treated by total therapy 2, 3 and other protocols at baseline and relapse, GSE31161 dataset (Sample n = 1038, 781 baseline and 256 relapse MM patients). d, e Kaplan-Meier plots indicate the overall survival (OS)(D) and progression free survival (PFS)(F) for 528 MM patients in APEX clinical trials (GSE9782) categorized by SMAD1 expression level(n = 264 for low-SMAD1 group versus n = 264 for high-SMAD1 group), p value is determined by log-rank test. f ROC curve for the SMAD1 to separate new diagnosis from relapse MM patients. g ROC curve for the SMAD1 to separate new diagnosis MM patients from healthy donors