Assessment of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), adiponectin, and other adipokines as potential markers of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in lupus nephritis: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Comparison of clinical variables between SLE patients without proteinuria and SLE patients with proteinuria

Variables	Non-Renal-SLE n = 153	Renal-SLE n = 43	p
Age (years) ^a	46 (18–73)	43 (18–62)	0.13
Disease duration, (years) ^a	9 (2–28)	6 (2–28)	0.10
C3 fraction complement (mg/dL) ^a	142.0 (60.0–142.0)	154.5 (42.0–252.0)	0.84
C4 fraction complement (mg/dL) ^a	31 (7.4–71.7)	31.3 (6.7–62.9)	0.92
Positive anti-dsDNA ^b	39 (25.5)	16 (37.2)	0.27
SLEDAI (score) ^a	2 (0–12)	6 (4–12)	< 0.001
Creatinine clearance (mL/min) ^a	123.1 (96.6–158.3)	114.9 (80.8–147.0)	0.06
eGFR (mL/min/m2) ^a	111.2 (29.6–258.9)	108.6 (17.1–182.9)	0.91
Serum creatinine (mg) ^a	0.7 (0.6–2.2)	0.7 (0.4–3.7)	0.44
Immunosuppressive drugs ^b	112 (73.2)	33 (76.7)	0.64
Glucocorticoid user ^b	153 (100)	43 (100)	–
Glucocorticoid dose (mg/day) ^a	7.5 (2.5–50.0)	20 (2.5–75.0)	< 0.001
Immunosuppressive drugs ^b	112 (73.2)	33 (76.7)	0.69
- Azathioprine users ^b	73 (47.7)	18 (41.8)	0.88
- Cyclophosphamide users ^b	9 (5.9)	3 (9.3)	0.29
- Mycophenolate users ^b	37 (24.2)	19 (44.2)	0.002
Others drugs (Methotrexate) ^b	23 (15.0)	4 (9.3)	0.44

^a Data expressed as median and range (minimum and maximum value). ^b Data provided in percentages (n/total patients evaluated). SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, SLEDAI SLE Disease Activity Index, rSLEDAI Renal SLEDAI, MEX-SLEDAI Mexican version of SLEDAI. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Renal-SLE includes patients with proteinuria greater than 0.5 g in 24 h, as sole criterion or in conjunction with persistent hematuria, leucocytes on urine or urine casts by granulocytes or erythrocytes. Glucocorticoids included: prednisone or deflazacort. GCs dose were expressed as equivalent to prednisone. Comparisons between proportions were compared with Chi- square or Fisher exact test (when required). Comparisons between quantitative variables: Mann-Whitney U test

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