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Fig. 2 | Biomarker Research

Fig. 2

From: Mechanisms of tRNA-derived fragments and tRNA halves in cancer treatment resistance

Fig. 2

Mechanisms of tDR-0009, tDR-7336, tDR-0124, tDR-11,898, ts46, and ts47 in breast cancer resistance. tDR-0009 and tDR-7336 are upregulated, while tDR-0124 and tDR-11,898 are downregulated in resistance of triple-negative breast cancer to doxorubicin. tDR-0009 and tDR-7336 can maintain cell response to IL-6. IL-6 participates in multidrug resistance by activating the JAK/STAT3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and Ras-MAPK pathways. AKT can induce HIF-1 and mediate drug resistance. ABC transporter plays an important role in breast cancer resistance. Target genes of tDR-0124 are related to cell cycle regulation, which are involved in chemoresistance. IGF2 is one of the proteins that interact most frequently with the target genes of tDR-11,898. The binding of IGF2 to IGF1R/IR-A activates the downstream signaling cascade and eventually stimulates the expression of ABC transporters. ts-46 and ts-47 are upregulated by PIK3CA and KRAS mutations, respectively. Both mutations are related to the development of breast cancer chemoresistance

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