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Fig. 1 | Biomarker Research

Fig. 1

From: Biomarkers in individualized management of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy

Fig. 1

Individualized disease management in terms of toxicity warning a, efficacy prediction b and relapse monitoring c. a. Adverse toxicities in CAR-T therapy are associated with inflammatory cells (e.g., T cells, CAR-T cells, and macrophage), cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-10, MCP, GM-CSF, and TNF-γ), and factors related to tissue damage (e.g., CRP, LDH, PT, AST, and Cr). The levels of these factors are useful means of predicting severe toxicity. b. Patient characteristics, immune checkpoint expression in T cells before engineering, CAR-T cell cultivation and lymphodepletion are factors affecting the efficacy of CAR-T therapy. c. There are two main types of relapse: target-positive and target-negative relapse. To some extent, tumor burden before CAR-T cell infusion, MRD after CAR-T therapy, disease type, structure, and phenotype of CAR-T cells are associated with recurrence. Therefore, they are potential biomarkers of relapse. The precise prediction of toxicity, efficacy, and relapse can contribute to the individualized management of CAR-T cell therapy

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