Table 2 Demographics and clinical variables by sustained mild AKI status
| Â | Overall (1219) | Sustained Mild AKI | |
|---|---|---|---|
Non-event (1102) | Event (117) | ||
Demographics | |||
Age (years), mean (SD) | 71.5 (10.1) | 71.5 (10.1) | 71.1 (10.5) |
Male sex, n (%) | 826 (68%) | 749 (68%) | 77 (66%) |
White race, n (%) | 1141 (94%) | 1034 (94%) | 107 (91%) |
Center, n (%) | |||
 1 | 109 (9%) | 102 (9%) | 7 (6%) |
 2 | 67 (5%) | 57 (5%) | 10 (9%) |
 3 | 104 (9%) | 88 (8%) | 16 (14%) |
 4 | 534 (44%) | 474 (43%) | 60 (51%) |
 5 | 51 (4%) | 43 (4%) | 8 (7%) |
 6 | 354 (29%) | 338 (31%) | 16 (14%) |
Clinical variables | |||
Preoperative eGFR (mL/min per 1.73Â m2), mean (SD) | 67.2 (19.4) | 67.5 (18.9) | 64.9 (23.2) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 480 (39%) | 427 (39%) | 53 (45%) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 961 (79%) | 863 (78%) | 98 (84%) |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 314 (26%) | 264 (24%) | 50 (43%) |
Type of surgery, n (%) | |||
 CABG or valve | 963 (79%) | 883 (80%) | 80 (68%) |
 CABG and valve | 255 (21%) | 218 (20%) | 37 (32%) |
Status of procedure, n (%) | |||
 Elective | 964 (79%) | 883 (80%) | 81 (69%) |
 Urgent or emergent | 255 (21%) | 219 (20%) | 36 (31%) |
Cardiac catheterization <48Â h prior to surgery, n (%) | 73 (6%) | 66 (6%) | 7 (6%) |
Preoperative myocardial infarction, n (%) | 313 (26%) | 279 (26%) | 34 (29%) |
Reoperation, n (%) | 155 (13%) | 143 (13%) | 12 (10%) |
CPB time (minutes), mean (SD) | 114.2 (59.9) | 109.7 (54.1) | 155.8 (88.2) |
Severe AKI, n (%) | 60 (5%) | 5 (<1%) | 55 (47%) |
Biomarkers | |||
Postoperative serum creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) |
Change in serum creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 0 (−0.10, 0.11) | 0 (−0.14, 0.10) | 0.20 (0, 0.38) |
Average serum creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) |
Postoperative urine markers, median (IQR) | |||
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 23.7 (12.0, 41.3) | 22.9 (11.6, 40.6) | 31.4 (17.1, 49.7) |
 IL-18 (pg/mL) | 11.6 (4.1, 42.3) | 10.6 (3.9, 35.0) | 35.3 (10.6, 235.2) |
 NGAL (ng/mL) | 10.2 (4.1, 51.5) | 9.5 (3.9, 42.1) | 26.0 (6.8, 178.5) |
 Albumin (mg/L) | 14.6 (6.9, 39.5) | 13.6 (6.6, 36.1) | 25.1 (12.6, 68.0) |
 KIM-1 (ng/mL) | 0.44 (0.17, 0.99) | 0.40 (0.16, 0.90) | 0.96 (0.47, 1.78) |
 L-FABP (ng/mL) | 19.1 (4.3, 105.2) | 17.6 (4.0, 98.4) | 52.0 (7.4, 397.9) |
 Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.17 (0.05, 0.26) | 0.16 (0.05, 0.26) | 0.21 (0.10, 0.30) |
Postoperative plasma markers, median (IQR) | |||
 BNP (pg/mL) | 53.4 (25.9, 130.1) | 50.6 (24.8, 117.6) | 111.7 (49.2, 248.7) |
 NGAL (ng/mL) | 185.6 (118.6, 268.2) | 178.3 (114.8, 258.9) | 244.4 (180.9, 338.8) |
 IL-10 (pg/mL) | 44.7 (13.6, 109.9) | 42.9 (13.1, 109.5) | 56.5 (25.5, 110.9) |
 IL-6 (pg/mL) | 165.5 (91.4, 295.6) | 155.9 (87.8, 276.5) | 338.3 (161.0, 576.3) |
 NT-proBNP (pmol/L) | 57.1 (22.5, 142.2) | 48.3 (21.5, 123.8) | 138.0 (66.9, 291.6) |
 TNI (μg/L) | 1.5 (0.8, 3.2) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.9) | 2.9 (1.5, 6.9) |
 TNTHS (ng/L) | 406.3 (249.4, 757.0) | 392.9 (243.6, 695.6) | 744.2 (356.4, 1602.5) |
 CKMB (μg/L) | 21.8 (14.1, 37.3) | 21.5 (13.7, 34.5) | 31.6 (18.6, 60.8) |
 h-FABP (μg/L) | 31.2 (21.1, 49.4) | 30.0 (20.7, 46.1) | 55.4 (34.7, 141.0) |
 MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 449.8 (306.9, 734.6) | 434.5 (302.2, 713.8) | 518.8 (384.7, 883.0) |
 EGF (pg/mL) | 0.90 (0.90, 3.55) | 0.90 (0.90, 3.69) | 0.90 (0.90, 0.90) |
 VEGF (pg/mL) | 4.5 (4.5, 4.5) | 4.5 (4.5, 4.5) | 4.5 (4.5, 4.5) |