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Table 2 Clinical studies investigating the relation between serum albumin and cardiovascular disease

From: Critical appraisal of the role of serum albumin in cardiovascular disease

Study

Year

Number

Characteristics of patients

Albumin cut-off value

Outcomes

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

 Hartopo et al. [42]

2010

82

ACS

< 3.5 g/dL

↑In-hospital adverse eventa

 Bhamidipati et al. [43]

2011

2794

CAD undergoing CABG

< 3 g/dL

↑Mortality and post-operative complications

 Oduncu et al. [39]

2013

1706

STEMI undergoing primary PCI

< 3.5 g/dlL

↑3.5-year all mortality and advanced HF

 Sujino et al. [40]

2015

62

Age ≧ 85 years, STEMI

Continuous variable

↑In-hospital mortality

 Murat et al. [46]

2015

890

ACS undergoing PCI

Continuous variable

↑Contrast induced acute kidney injury and in-hospital mortality

 Kurtul et al. [47]

2015

536

STEMI undergoing PCI

< 3.75 g/dL

↑Risk of no-reflow after PCI

 Plakht et al. [41]

2016

8750

AMI

categorize albumin level by 3.4, 3.7, 3.9, 4.1 g/dL

↑10-year all mortality

 Kurtul et al. [45]

2016

1303

ACS undergoing coronary angiography

< 3.3 g/dL

↑SYNTAX score and in-hospital mortality

 Celik et al. [48]

2016

341

PCI with a BMS

< 3.81 g/dL

↑Risk of in-stent restenosis after PCI

 Wada et al. [44]

2017

2860

CAD undergoing PCI

3.8 g/dL; 4.1 g/dL

↑MACE and 10-year all mortalityb

 Chien et al. [49]

2017

734

Stable CAD

< 3.5 g/dL

↑1.5-year MACE and mortalityc

Ischemic stroke

 Gillum et al. [50]

1994

4897

White men aged 65–74 years; Blacks aged 45–74 years

< 4.2 vs > 4.4 g/dL

↑14-year stroke incidence and stroke mortality

 Dziedzic et al. [53]

2004

759

Acute ischemic stroke

< 4.9 g/dL

Poor 3-month neurologic outcomed

 Hostmark et al. [52]

2006

5071

30–75 years

< 4.7 g/dL

↑(self-reported) Stroke incidence

 Xu et al. [51]

2014

2986

>40 years old

< 4.2 vs > 4.6 g/dL

↑12-year stroke incidence

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

 O’Hare et al. [56]

2002

14,427

Hemodialysis patients

Continuous variable

↑PAD incidence

 Beddhu et al. [57]

2002

1411

Hemodialysis patients

< 3.6 g/dL

↑PAD incidence

 Schillinger et al. [60]

2004

702

PAD patients with less than 2 traditional risk factors

< 3.85 g/dL

↑1-year MACEf

 Ishii et al. [59]

2013

450

Hemodialysis patients undergoing endovascular therapy

< 3.6 g/dL

↑3-year major adverse limb evente

 Tsai et al. [58]

2015

444

Hemodialysis patients

Continuous variable

↑4-year all or CV mortality

Heart failure (HF)

 Horwich et al. [61]

2008

1726

Systolic HF

≤ 3.4 g/dl

↑1- and 5- year all mortality

↑Urgent heart transplant

 Kinugasa et al. [63]

2009

349

Age ≧ 65, Acute HF

< 3.2 g/dL

↑In-hospital mortality

 Uthamalingam et al. [64]

2010

438

Acute, systolic HF

< 3.4 g/dL

↑1-year cardiac mortality

 Gopal et al. [67]

2010

2907

Aged 70–79 years without HF

< 4.0 g/dl

↑6-year HF risk but the risk declined annually

 Filippatos et al. [68]

2011

5450

Aged ≥65 years, without HF

≤ 3.5 mg/dL

↑10-year HF incidence

 Liu et al. [62]

2012

576

Acute HF, preserved EF

≤ 3.4 g/dl

↑1-year all mortality

 Polat et al. [65]

2014

135

Acute, systolic HF

< 3.1 g/dL

↑1-year mortality

 Bonilla-Palomas et al. [66]

2014

362

Acute HF

≤ 3.4 g/dL

↑In-hospital and 1-year all mortality

  1. Abbreviation: STEMI ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, HF heart failure, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, AMI acute myocardial infarction, ACS acute coronary syndrome, CAD coronary artery disease, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CV cardiovascular, MACE major adverse cardiac event, BMS bare-metal stent, PAD peripheral arterial disease, EF left ventricular ejection fraction
  2. Continuous variable is addressed if studies analyzed the influence of serum albumin with a manner of continuous variable instead of a definite cut-off value
  3. aIn-hospital adverse events include mortality, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and reinfarction
  4. bMACE include nonfatal myocardial infarction and mortality
  5. cMACE include nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke and cardiovascular mortality
  6. dPoor neurologic outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale >3 or mortality
  7. eMajor adverse limb event was defined as a composite of target lesion revascularization, amputation and all-cause mortality
  8. fMACE include a composite of nonfatal MI, coronary revascularization, and all-cause mortality