DNA methyltransferases and their roles in tumorigenesis

Table 1 Emerging evidence of DNMTs in malignant transformation

Tumor type	DNMT subtype	Model studied	Alteration	Reference
AML	DNMT3A DNMT3A DNMT3A DNMT3B DNMTs	Patients Mouse tumor model Mouse tumor model Mouse tumor model Patients	Mutation Mutation Deletion Deletion Overexpression	[15, 16, 34] [72] [39–43] [46] [74]
MDS	DNMT3A	Patients	Mutation	[35]
CMML	DNMT3A	Mouse model	Mutation	[37]
CML	DNMTs	Patients	Overexpression	[74]
ALL	DNMT3A	Patients	Mutation	[36]
Lymphoma	DNMT1 DNMT3A DNMT3B	Mouse tumor model Mouse model Mouse tumor model	Deletion Deletion Deletion	[47] [44] [75]
Breast	DNMT1 DNMT1 DNMT3B	Mouse tumor model Patients Patients	Deletion Overexpression Overexpression	[76] [77] [26]
Lung	DNMT3A	Mouse tumor model	Deletion	[45]
Colon	DNMT1 DNMT3B DNMT3B	Patients Patients Mouse tumor model	Mutation Overexpression Overexpression	[33] [29, 30] [27, 28]
Liver	DNMT1 DNMT3A	Patients Patients	Overexpression Overexpression	[24] [25]
Melanoma	DNMT3A	Mouse tumor model	Overexpression	[78]
Pancreas	DNMT1	Patients	Overexpression	[23]
Prostate	DNMT3B	Patients	Overexpression	[31]
Esophagus	DNMT1	Patients	Overexpression	[22]