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Table 2 Etiologies of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction

From: The great masquerader of malignancy: chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction

Etiology

Underlying disorders

Mechanisms

Degenerative neuropathy

Shy-Drager syndrome

Altered Ca signaling

Diabetes mellitus

Mitochondrial dysfunction

Parkinson’s disease

Immune mediated

Scleroderma

Antibody mediated neuron or smooth muscle involvement

Dermatomyositis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Paraneoplastic

Small cell lung cancer

Antibody mediated inflammatory response and cellular infiltration

Carcinoid tumor

Infectious

Chagas disease

Inflammatory change of the enteric nerve system

Chronic JC virus infection

Radiation or chemotherapy induced

Post radiation or chemotherapy

Associated with treatments

Genetic

Hirschsprung disease

Associated with genetic abnormality of SOX10

Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes (MELAS)

DNA polymerase γ

Filamin A

Myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers (MERRF)

L1 cell adhesion molecule

Thymidine phosphorylase

PTEN

RNA binding protein for multiple splicing 2 (RBPMS2)