From: The great masquerader of malignancy: chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
Etiology | Underlying disorders | Mechanisms |
---|---|---|
Degenerative neuropathy | Shy-Drager syndrome | Altered Ca signaling |
Diabetes mellitus | Mitochondrial dysfunction | |
Parkinson’s disease | ||
Immune mediated | Scleroderma | Antibody mediated neuron or smooth muscle involvement |
Dermatomyositis | ||
Systemic lupus erythematosus | ||
Paraneoplastic | Small cell lung cancer | Antibody mediated inflammatory response and cellular infiltration |
Carcinoid tumor | ||
Infectious | Chagas disease | Inflammatory change of the enteric nerve system |
Chronic JC virus infection | ||
Radiation or chemotherapy induced | Post radiation or chemotherapy | Associated with treatments |
Genetic | Hirschsprung disease | Associated with genetic abnormality of SOX10 |
Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes (MELAS) | DNA polymerase γ | |
Filamin A | ||
Myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers (MERRF) | L1 cell adhesion molecule | |
Thymidine phosphorylase | ||
PTEN | ||
RNA binding protein for multiple splicing 2 (RBPMS2) |