Table 2 Summary of the human studies

1. Nephrinuria was present in 30% of normoalbuminuric, 17% of microalbuminuric, 28% of macroalbuminuric,

2. None of the control subjects was nephrinuric.

1. Nephrinuria higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to control.

2. Nephrinuria correlated with proteinuria

1. Each Nephrin fragment was associated with a decline in eGFR

2. Nephrinuria was strongly associated with the urine albumin/creatinine ratio

3. Nephrinuria was significantly associated with lower eGFR even among normoalbuminuric patients (ACR ≤30 mg/g)

1. Nephrinuria preceded microalbumniuria

2. Nephrinuria detected in all diabetic patients with micro and macroalbuminuria

3. Nephrinuria also correlated significantly with albuminuria and systolic blood pressure

4. Correlated negatively with serum albumin and eGFR

1. Normoalbuniuric diabetics showed increased urinary nephrin compared to control group

2. Nephrinuria correlated with diabetic nephropathy stages

1. Urine albumin creatinine ratio correlates with nephrinuria

2. Increased levels of urinary nephrin in normoalbuminuric and microalbuniuruc patients

1. Nephrinuria higher in patients SLE nephritis

2. Nephrinuria correlated with proteinuria

3. Nephrinuria level correlated with severity of SLE disease activity

1. Nephrinuria correlated with proteinuria and severity of GN

2. Immunosuppressive therapy lowers nephrinuria levels

1. Nephrinuria correlated with daily proteinuria

2. Nephrinuria and proteinuria lowest excretion in patients treated with Cyclosporine.

1. Urine nephrin to creatinine ratio (UNCR) are predictive of preeclampsia in second trimester of pregnancy

1. Urinary Nephrin and podocalyxin concentrations were significantly increased and highly correlated with each other in preeclampsia

2. Nephrin and podocalyxin were also correlated with urine protein concentrations in preeclampsia

3. Nephrin undetectable in normal pregnancy

1. Nephrin was significantly higher in women with severe pre-eclampsia

2. Positive correlation between urinary nephrin and urine protein level

3. Urine nephrin concentrations correlated with diastolic blood pressure and serum creatinine levels in the severe pre-eclamptic group

1. Alb/Cr ratio had a high specificity (96%). All three biomarkers exhibited poor positive predictive values (14–62%) but acceptable negative predictive values (89–91%).