The effect of quitting smoking on HDL-cholesterol - a review based on within-subject changes

Biomarker Research

Table 4 Effects of adjustment on change in HDL-C (mmol/l) following quitting ^a

REF	Sex or strata ^b	Period ^c	Less adjusted		More adjusted
REF	Sex or strata ^b	Period ^c	Factors	Change	Factors	Change
GERACE^d	M	313 (156)	none	0.021	age, baseline HDL-C, serum thiocyanate, weight change, Hegsted score change, medications, alcohol, DBP	0.062
GREEN^e	M	52-209 av 130 (65)	age	0.044	+ change in BMI, alcohol, coffee, sport	0.044
KUSHIM	M	261 (130.5)	none	−0.138	change in BMI	−0.092
PRIEME^d	B	4	none	0.122	baseline HDL-C	0.120
RAHILL^d	M	156 (78)^f	age	0.026	+ baseline HDL-C, LDL-C, diabetes, hypertension, CVD, CHD, medications	0.041
STUBBE	M	2	none	0.238	change in dietary fat	0.179
SUWAZO^g	M	52 (26)	age, day/shift work, alcohol, exercise	0.044	+ change in BMI	0.067
		104 (78)		0.065		0.100
		156 (130)		0.072		0.098
YOON	M^g	52-156 av 88 (44)	None	0.045	age, amount smoked, time between measurements, education, economic status, marital status, diabetes, hypertension, alcohol, inactivity	0.045
	M-L^h			0.051		0.047
	M-H^h			0.039		0.031

^aData are shown for estimates of change in HDL-C which are equivalent except for the level of adjustment.
^bB = both sexes, F = females, M = males; L=low weight gain (<1.3 kg), H=high weight gain (≥1.3 kg).
^cPeriod (weeks) between first measurement when smoking and second measurement when quitting. The estimated time quit is shown in parentheses, if different. “av” = average.
^dChange is relative to continuing smokers (change in quitters minus change in continuing smokers) GERACE, PRIEME, RAHILL.
^eChange is relative to never smokers (change in quitters minus change in never smokers) GREEN.
^fResults are adjusted to 3 year interval RAHILL.
^gAdjusted change estimated from a two-group analysis (quitters and continuing smokers) SUWAZO, YOON.
^hAdjusted change estimated from a two-group analysis (low and high weight gain) YOON.

ISSN: 2050-7771